ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.c03

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe part-time professor can play an important role in the university in establishing and maintaining relations with the environment of application and practice (such as industry). Closer inspection of the acivities and views of part-time professors shows that their role must be different in different fields in order to establish valuable contacts.The hypothesis that the benefits of these relationships are such that the universities have primarily financial interests whereas practice profits by access to new bodies of knowledge, does not seem to hold for the Netherlands. For many sections of society, like industry, professions or state institutions, the traditional task of the university, which is education, is much more important than its research function, whereas in its turn the university often needs access to knowledge that is developed elsewhere. Research on part-time professors can clarify many of these topics.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.74

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIn the early 1980s, China introduced a series of new policies aimed at linking research to production. The Chinese Academy of Sciences as an independent research network has had to define its own role in these reforms. The reform has been moderately successful in emphasising the needs of economie construction. However, funding has been reduced and targeted towards key projects identified by government or the academy. The rate of diffusion of S&T results remains rather low, probably because of the lack of the right environment for entrepreneurship.One option for the academy is to abandon the goal of integrating more closely with production enterprises and to concentrate on key national projects. Another is to promote the trend which has already started for the institutes to set up their own production facilities.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.81

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe Ayangba Agricultural Development Project was intended to design and implement an extension service for all aspects of agriculture. In the event, insufficient notice was taken of the existing methods of crop production and the ‘single crop’ emphasis of the project did not fit in with the farmers' mixed cropping, subsistence farming. The contact farmers selected were not typical of the locality, there were severe financial constraints and a lack of staff morale and dedication.These problems are typical of other similar projects in Nigeria. To tackle them effectively there needs to be a reorientation of values especially on the part of those who control the political process and those who design development programmes.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.91

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe Land Use Research Unit at Kings College, London published a book in 1985 as a result of research into the effect of 15 design variables in high me flats on the incidence of litter, graffiti, vandal damage and pollution by urine and faeces. The conclusion is that design faults cause a large proportion of the problems encountered in this form of accommodation. Some of these can be altered quickly and inexpensively and have proved their worth in comparison with other approaches. The recommendations include giving ground floor flats gardens to improve social contact and the removal of high level walkways.The time is clearly ripe for some large-scale tests of design improvement in estates that currently make life a misery for their inhabitants, and for discouraging the proliferation of defective designs as an interim measure while the test results are awaited.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.99

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractNearly four years ago, the CMEA devised a programme for future R&D to act as a stimulus for economie growth. Five priority areas were selected: electronics; automation; nuclear energy; new materials and technologies; and biotechnology. Major changes in procedure will be necessary to fulfill the called for bringing together of results from member states.In an open conference in September 1988 an attempt will he made to overcome the shortcomings highlighted in 1986, by using economic incentives and instituting a system of paying for exchange of R&D results. It is hoped that this examination of CMEA science can help illuminate the universal difficulties of science policy formulation.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.109

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe spiritual context in which science develops determines the shape which science takes. 'Spiritual' does not mean ‘pertaining to religions’, but something broader, denoting the whole mesh of personal values which make a person. The spirituality of science is expressed in a dual role: of enlightenment — broadening horizons of knowledge — and of practical application. It is the harmonious development of both roles that gives science its spirituality; the fact that they are so out of balance means that today technology has become the opium of the people.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.115

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.119

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.120

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.2.122

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP