ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Inasmuch as all events in this universe are governed by multitudes of periodicities, it is a mistake to regard any coding sequence as unique implying the descent from random assemblages of four bases. Instead, each coding sequence is comprised of primordial and derived repeating units. In the case of families of proteins with transmembrane α‐helices, the primordial repeating units of their coding sequences were base heptamers, thus, giving the heptapeptidic periodicity very conductive to α‐helix formation to the original polypeptide chains. Even in modern coding sequences for these families of proteins, intact and base‐substituted copies of these primordial heptamers are found in more or less even distribution along the entire coding sequence. In addition, there are now locally prominent tandemly recurring units that are only remotely related to primordial heptamers. In the case of Ca++channel, local prominence of one such nonameric unit gave a unique tripeptidic periodicity to the fourth helix of each unit giving to it a girdle of positively charged residues. All these complex interplays between primordial and derived recurring units that characterize each coding sequence can best be appreciated by their musical transformation. The transformed musical score of a pertinent part of rabbit skeletal muscle Ca++channel coding sequence i

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The transmission ratios of alleles at 12 protein marker loci were computed individually for American Standardbred stallions in a genealogy of 5392 phenotyped horses. Over all loci there was significant gene transmission distortion for trotting stallions (p=0.0019) but not for pacing stallions (p=0.99). The transmission distortion was due to sire‐specific effects (p=0.0024) and not to increased transmission of one or the other allele of a given heterozygous genotype (p=0.21). Individual‐specific, non‐random transmission of homologous chromosomes may provide a mechanism for selection to operate without requiring differential fitness for specific alleles or genotypes in the population as a

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Data from 5934 matings of American Standardbred horses provided evidence for an excess of heterozygotes at the albumin locus, statistically significant (P<0.01) in one mating class (A1‐AB stallions x A1‐A dams), primarily attributed to an excess of heterozygotes among male offspr

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Monoclonal antibodies specific for equine T lymphocyte subpopulations were produced and procedures for the continuous culture of equine lymphocytes were developed. These reagents and procedures were used to analyse the appearance, maturation and functions of T lymphocytes in normal horses and in T lymphocyte deficient horses with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). T lymphocytes appeared as early as the 75th day of fetal development and were normally distributed prior to birth of normal foals. Analysis of thymic T lymphocyte differentiation in SCID foals revealed the presence of both prothymocytes and mature thymocytes, but a virtual absence of cortical thymocytes. The data obtained support the hypothesis that two distinct pathways of T lymphocyte differentiation exist within the thymus. Although the gene defect in foals with SCID blocks the production of mature B and T lymphocytes, such foals do possess large granular lymphocytes which are cytotoxic following induction with interleukin 2. This suggests that lymphoid cells with natural killer cell activity are spared by the gene defect resulting in SCID in horses.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A cell surface molecule of equine T lymphocytes was identified and characterized using a mouse monoclonal antibody, HT23A. The molecule was detected on all T cells but not on other cells in peripheral blood, with the possible exception of a small subpopulation (about 5%) of B cells, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. HT23A labelled T cell areas of horse lymph nodes and spleen when used in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay on frozen sections. Macrophages and neutrophils were not labelled by the antibody nor were frozen sections of horse liver, kidney, or brain. HT23A precipitated a molecule of approximately 69kDa from125Iodine labelled horse lymphocytes.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.We have analysed the effects of ELA alleles and sire‐dam ELA incompatibility on two measures of fertility, gestation length and foaling rate, in American Standardbred horses. Using multivariate statistical methods, we corrected for the effects of confounding factors such as dam and sire age, parity, inbreeding, and sire‐dam kinship. These analyses revealed substantial differences between Standardbred trotters and pacers in the effects of several confounding factors. There appear to be no ELA effects on gestation length in either trotters or pacers. However our results suggest that there may be ELA effects on foaling rate associated with specific dam alleles, with sire‐dam incompatibility, and possibly with specific sire alleles, and that these effects differ between trotters and p

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of H‐Y antigen on equine blastocysts. A total of 33 blastocyst stage horse embryos were collected 6 to 7 days post‐ovulation by trans‐cervical flush and were immediately evaluated for the presence of H‐Y antigen. Additionally, 17 embryos, were collected and cultured for 72h to the expanded blastocyst stage and similarly evaluated. Embryos were placed in medium containing monoclonal antibodies to H‐Y antigen followed by incubation in medium containing 1/10 (v/v) fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated goat anti‐mouse IgM Fc specific antiserum. Embryos were individually evaluated at 400x to identify cell specific fluorescence. Following evaluation, embryonic sex was independently verified with karyotypes to identify sex chromosomes. Of the 50 embryos evaluated, 29 were evaluated as non‐fluorescent and 21 fluorescent. Expression of H‐Y antigen was determined to be uniform in those embryos classified as fluorescent. Twenty‐three of 28 (82%) readable karyotypes corresponded to the predicted sex. These results indicate a specific histocompatibility antigen is expressed and maintained at the blastocyst stage of development. In addition, no segregation of this protein on specific cell types occur

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Six monoclonal antibodies and ten alloantisera were used to precipitate cell surface molecules of approximately 44kDa (class I MHC antigens) from radiolabelled equine peripheral blood lymphocytes. All ten antisera were raised against antigens of a single donor horse (horse 0834, ELA‐A2,‐A2). Four methods of producing antisera were compared: one or two pregnancies, skin allografting, and skin grafting followed by pregnancy. Immunization by pregnancy appeared to produce antibodies against class I products only, while skin grafting raised antibodies to class II antigens as well. Nine of the antisera were raised across an entireMHChaplotype barrier, while one recipient carried the ELA‐A2 antigen of the donor. The pregnancy antiserum raised across this barrier probably identifies a second polymorphic class I locus in the horse. Sequential immunoprecipitation using this antiserum in the first stage and an anti‐MHC haplotype antiserum or monoclonal antibody reagent in the second stage supported this hypothesis. Gene products of this second ELA class I locus are immunogenic in pr

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Investigations on the W21 specificity showed that this antigen is expressed on lymphocytes and platelets but not on erythrocytes. The molecule carrying the antigen W21 moves in the cell membrane independently from ELA locus A and B encoded antigens, as observed in ‘lysostripping’. The W21 specificity occurs with very different gene frequencies in various breeds. In informative families it segregates together with defined gene products of the MHC region.The data suggest strongly that the W21 specificity belongs to the ELA system as a class I gene product, but is governed by a separate locus than the known locus A and locus B allelic ser

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY