摘要:

Summary.Karyotyping and hypervariable genetic markers indicate extensive leucochimaerism between pairs of dizygotic twins in cattle, a result of placental vascular anastomosis. The extent of this chimaerism includes both kind and number of cells exchanged. All heterosexual twin pairs harboured two types of leucocytes, having either XX or XY chromosome pairs, and 30 of 31 pairs of twins shared identical DNA fingerprints. Although chromosome results from skin fibroblasts indicate that some chimaerism occurs in the skin, the low level allows for differentiation of genotypes between twins. The results warrant against the common practice of using blood samples for DNA typing if twinning is not properly documented.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Genetic polymorphism was detected in the red deer (Cervus elaphusL.), plasma proteins, plasminogen (PLG) and vitamin D binding protein (GC) using antiserum to human proteins. The affinity of the antisera to deer plasma was less than 10% that of a human standard but they bound specifically to proteins of molecular weight expected for GC and PLG.Three codominant alleles of GC and five of PLG were observed. In a set 124 farmed deer calves and their parents, six calves had genotypes which were not consistent with the expectations of inheritance. Further inconsistencies were found when variation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and transferrin (TRF) was examined. Using genetic models which included pedigree error parameters the data were shown to be consistent with genetic inheritance of all loci in a data set containing approximately 4.8% (SE 14%) parent‐progeny pedigree mismatches.In samples from four deer populations representative of the red deer introduced to New Zealand the GC and PLG polymorphismms provided a probability of paternity exclusion (PE) of between 0.34 and 0.54 and when IDH and TRF were also included the PE was between 0.46 and 0.66. The four populations differed significantly in allele frequency, which supports historical evidence that they originate from separate introductions of small numbers of European red dee

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A canine blood group antigen, QN, which was detected by a naturally occurring alloantibody in the antiglobulin test, was shown to be antigenically related to the human A and cattle J antigens by absorption experiments. Family studies supported a dominant mode of inheritance with the gene controlling the production of QN being dominant to the gene responsible for its absence. Frequencies of the QN and Tr antigens and serological data strongly suggested that the two antigens are identical. Two canine plasma alkaline phosphatase variants, F and S, were detected by starch gel electrophoresis, pH 8.65. Assuming genetic control of two codominant alleles,ALPFandALPS, the distributions of types in families differed significantly from expectation. A relationship between the ALP and Tr(QN) systems was demonstrated with Tr‐positive animals having a significant deficiency of S alkaline phosphatase type

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Rambouillet sheep originating from Spanish Merino have been maintained in France as a small and closed flock since their importation. After 190 years of independent evolution, the flock has markedly differentiated from its Spanish parental population. The observed differences between them were characterized by the fixation in Rambouillet of theMbandF30alleles, which occurred in Spanish Merino with frequencies of 0.90 and 0.80 respectively (at two distinct blood group lociMandF30) and by the absence in Rambouillet of other alleles or phenogroups (at theTfand theA, B, Cblood group loci) which were observed in Spanish Merino with frequencies ranging from 0.10 to 0.28. On the basis of their phenotypic distributions at 11 blood polymorphic loci, the two populations differed significantly from each other (total x2values = 352.62, 23 df,P<0.001). By comparing the observed magnitude of gene frequency differences between Rambouillet and Spanish Merino with the estimate of inbreeding coefficient for Rambouillet obtained from pedigrees, it appeared that the observed genetic differences could be attributed to the evolutionary change due to random drift in the small and closed flock of Rambouillet.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA has been used to detect the DNA sequences for bovine β‐casein (CASB) A3and B variants. Based on these sequences we have designed primers which create allele‐specific restriction sites in the PCR product. Restriction analysis of PCR product generated in one reaction enable us to identify theA1, A2, A3andBalleles ofCASBrapidly without the use of radioacti

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The M13.13 minisatellite probe, consisting of a polymer of the M13 VNTR consensus sequence, cross‐hybridized to ovine DNA and allowed detection of several polymorphic loci. Individual specific patterns were obtained in sheep using this probe. Pedigree analysis showed that individuals were heterozygous for most of the DNA fragments detected (88%). By studying the segregation of male's variable DNA fragments, a minimum of 10 loci were defined. The ovine DNA ‘fingerprint’ obtained with M13.13 is polymorphic enough to be used efficiently in animal identification, paternity testing, and possibly as a source of genetic markers for linkage ana

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Previous work made use of nucleic acid probes corresponding to different subtypes of the class II regions of the human and murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to isolate seven different alpha and 24 different beta genes of the ovine MHC from two cosmid libraries. In an attempt to identify pairs of alpha and beta genes capable of cell surface expression, all permutations of alpha and beta genes were in turn transfected into mouse L‐cells. Two pairs of alpha and beta genes co‐expressed and stable ovine MHC class II L‐cell lines were developed. The expressed alpha genes had previously been defined as DR‐alpha homologues (DRA) by differential Southern hybridization to human subtype specific class II probes. The expressed ovine beta genes were also assigned as ovine DR‐beta homologues (DRB) on the basis of their sequence having a higher degree of similarity with human DRB than any other subtype. A total of eight out of 23 anti‐sheep class II specific monoclonal antibodies were typed OLA‐DR specific by FACScan analysis using the

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.cDNA clones encoding porcine K‐casein were isolated and sequenced. The porcine K‐casein cDNA is 851 bp in length and encodes a preprotein of 188 amino ac

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.cDNA clones encoding the entire porcine αs2‐casein message were isolated and sequenced. The porcine αs2‐casein cDNA is 1093bp, excluding the poly(A) tail, in length and encodes a preprotein of 235 amino

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Porcine cDNAS clones encoding β‐casein were isolated and sequenced. The porcine β‐casein cDNA is 1100bp in length, excluding the poly (A) tail, and encodes a preprotein of 232 amino

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY