摘要:

SummaryRestriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were described for the porcine loci for β‐glucosidase (GBA) and the β‐polypeptide 1 of the Na+, K+‐transporting ATPase (ATP1B1). Linkage analyses using a three‐generation pedigree provided evidence for the assignment of ATP1B1, GBA and two microsatellite loci (S0001 and S0067) to a previously described linkage group comprising the loci for blood group L (EAL) and an anonymous microsatellite (S0097). The linear order of the six markers was determined with confidence by multipoint analyses and the length of the linkage group was estimated at 88 CM. This linkage group was assigned to pig chromosome 4 on the basis of a previous physical localization of the ATP1B1 gene.In situhybridization data for S0001 presented in this study were consistent with a localization on chromosome 4 and suggested a regional localization to 4pl2‐pl3. The present study reveals conflicting data concerning the genetic localization of the K88 loci controlling the expression of the receptors for theE. colipilus antigens. One group has reported data suggesting a loose linkage between K88 and EAL, now mapped to chromosome 4, whereas two other groups have found linkage between K88 and the transferrin locus (TF), mapped to chromosome 13 byin situhy

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA study of polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of West African N'Dama (Bos taurus) and East African Zebu (B. indicus) cattle was carried out to obtain information on maternal phylogenetic relationships between these breeds. A relatively large sample size was made possible by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA prepared from small blood samples to generate fragments of two known polymorphic mtDNA regions, one within the gene encoding subunit 5 of NADH dehydrogenase and one encompassing the entire D‐loop. This approach allowed us to achieve a higher resolution restriction analysis on mtDNA from more animals than would have been possible by conventional methods. PCR‐amplified mtDNA of 58 animals from five populations was examined at 26 restriction sites by 16 enzymes. In this way 154 nucleotides of mtDNA were scanned for polymorphism. Six polymorphic sites were located by this means, five of which were within the D‐loop and one of which was within the NADH dehydrogenase 5 gene. None of the polymorphisms observed could be con sidered typical of breed or

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA 0.6‐kb segment of exon 1 of the canine androgen receptor gene contains two polymorphic CAG tandem repeats which encode strings of glutamine homopolymers. The number of CAGs in each tandem repeat was determined by (1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a gene segment containing both repeats, (2) cleavage between repeats with restriction enzymeEcoO109I and (3) fractionation of the restriction fragments containing individual CAG repeats by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Individual genomic DNA samples from 80 unrelated dogs (53 males plus 27 females for a total of 107 X chromosomes) contained 10–12 CAGs in the 5′ repeats and 10–13 CAGs in the 3′ repeats. Thirteen distinct androgen receptor genotypes were identified. Eleven (or 41%) of the 27 unrelated females were heterozygous in one or both repeat regions, whereas all male samples produced single bands as expected for X chromosome markers. A total of seven distinct haplotypes contributed to the 13 genotypes. The ‘polymorphism information content’ or PIC for this seven‐allele X chromosome

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMajor histocompatiblity complex (MHC) class IV haplotypes were identified in a population of meat‐type chickens by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Fourteen different haplotypes were designated on the basis of restriction patterns obtained from Southern blots ofPvuII‐ orBglII‐digested DNA, hybridized with the MHC class IV cDNA probe bg32.1. Digestion with each restriction enzyme yielded the same level of polymorphism among individuals. For each haplotype, 4–10 restriction fragments ranging from 0–8 to 8 kb were observed. Such a designation of meat‐type chicken MHC class IV haplotypes enables a rapid recognition of previously defined haplotypes, is readily adjustable to additional, newly found restriction patterns and could prove useful in practical breeding

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo chicken genomic libraries were screened for the presence of poly(TG/AC) microsatellite tracts. The number of positive clones was low, confirming the low frequency of such micro‐satellites in the chicken genome relative to mammalian genomes. Polymorphism of 29 microsatellite tracts, comprising 11 from the library screening and 18 obtained from GenBank, was examined in the East Lansing and Compton reference families, in a resource population formed by a cross between a single White Rock broiler and inbred Leghorn females, and in a panel of birds from five layer stocks. Twenty microsatellites, primarily of the poly(TG/AC) type, were polymorphic in at least one of the populations. Thirteen of the microsatellites were polymorphic in the East Lansing reference family and 13 were also polymorphic in the resource population, confirming that the genetic distance between White Rock and White Leghorn is about as great as between Jungle fowl and White Leghorn. Only six microsatellites were polymorphic in the Compton reference family, formed by a cross between two White Leghorn strains. Twelve of the microsatellites were mapped in the East Lansing and/or Compton reference families. These were well dispersed among the various linkage groups and did not show any indications of terminal clusterin

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe report a set of six new bovine microsatellite polymorphisms based on (CA)nrepeats. They are highly polymorphic and thus represent valuable markers for genome mapping. Four of the six are polymorphic in sheep and two are polymorphic in goats. One, which is polymorphic in cattle and sheep and apparently monomorphic in goats, is X‐chromosome specific and has potential value in, for example, sex determination and detection of chimaeris

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA computer analysis revealed that the mononucleotide repeat (A)n‐(T)nis about five times as common as (CA)n‐(GT)nrepeats in the porcine genome, with frequency estimates of one every 7kb and 30kb, respectively. Seven mononucleotide repeats withn= 12–25 located close to coding sequences were analysed for polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All loci were variable with 3–6 alleles and heterozygosities of 0.26–0.69 based on investigation of 10 unrelated pigs (two wild boars and eight domestic sows). Repeat length correlated with degree of polymorphism. A comparison with (CA)n‐(GT)npolymorphisms suggested that the number of repeat units rather than the total length of the repeat region is the common denominator that governs polymorphism at both mono‐ and dinucleotide repeat loci. (A)n‐(T)npolymorphisms allowed linkage mapping of relaxin to chromosome 1, apolipoprotein B to chromosome 3, aminopepti‐dase N to chromosome 7, arachidonate 12‐lipoxygenase to chromosome 12, and follistatin to chromosome 16. The rich abundance of potentially informative (A)n‐(T)nrepeats will increase the chances of finding a PCR‐based marker near any D

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThree casein loci, tightly linked on bovine chromosome 6, have been studied as haplotypes within families of bulls. The polymorphisms included in the study were CASAS1 (B, C), CASB (A1, A, A5, B), CASK (A, B, E) and a microsatellite in intron III of CASK. A new A5 variant of CASB, caused by a silent mutation in the triplet coding for amino acid 110, was detected by direct polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Our analysis of 306 sons and 15 sires revealed 10 different casein haplotypes with a cumulative polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.78.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ovine major histocompatibility complex (MhcOvar) class II region was investigated by Southern blot hybridizations using ovine probes specific for the second exons of Ovar‐DRB and Ovar‐DQB genes. Multiple bands were revealed when genomic DNA was digested with each of five restriction enzymes (BamHI,EcoRI,HindIII,PvuII andTaqI), and successively hybridized with the two radiolabeled ovine probes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were analysed in 89 sheep originating from six inbred families and the inheritance of the fragment patterns was determined. Forty‐one fragments were recorded with the DQB probe; 32 were detected with the DRB probe. They constituted 9 DQB and 10 DRB allelic patterns. TwelveDQB‐DRBhaplotypes were resolved in thi

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGenomic DNA, prepared from 12 animals from four sheep flocks, was digested with eitherHaeIII orHinfI and probed with three DNA fingerprinting probes. Mean DNA fingerprint band sharing and band frequency calculated for each flock were used to estimate genetic diversity. Each of the DNA fingerprinting systems showed the same trend in diversity within the sampled flocks, and greater diversity between the flocks than within the flocks. DNA fingerprinting therefore provides a useful measure of genetic diversity in sheep.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY