摘要:

Summary.Human minisatellite probes cross‐hybridize to DNA of several species of poultry (chicken, duck, turkey and goose), and detect high levels of polymorphism. The resulting DNA fingerprints are individual specific, and allow the discrimination even between closely related birds. The pattern of poultry DNA fingerprints is different from that of humans and other animals, having a higher average proportion of large DNA fragments. Pedigree analysis revealed a low number of allelic pairs of variable DNA fragments, indicating that most of the alleles are unresolved in the DNA fingerprint or too small to be detected. The total number of detectable loci in broilers, using probe 33.6, was estimated as 62, of which 13 loci are on average scoreable and available for use. Poultry DNA fingerprints can be used for individual identification, linkage studies and as an aid in breeding programme

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Sperm DNA isolated from sons of three extensively used US Holstein bulls was screened for differences associated with the primary gene structure of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) and prolactin (bPrl) genes. Southern blot analysis of DNA digested with 10 restriction enzymes revealed that offspring from two of the three bull families exhibited polymorphisms around the bGH and bPrl genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) around the bGH gene were detected with five enzymes, whereas three enzymes revealed RFLPs around the bPrl gene. At least three structural differences were predicted around the bGH gene. The most common variant hybridization pattern appeared to involve an insertion/deletion located downstream of the conserved 3′EcoRI site. The presence of RFLPs in the genes coding for these pituitary hormones within a familial line may provide the basis for genetic markers associated with lactation and mammary developmen

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Miniature pigs of eight swine leucocyte antigens (SLA) haplotypes were immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and the synthetic peptide (T, G)‐A–L to induce antibody. Bacillus Calmette Geurin (BCG) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were used to induce cell mediated immune response (CMI). Analysis of variance by least squares was used to assess the effects of SLA haplotype, sire, dam, litter and sex of pig on the magnitude of the primary and secondary antibody response and on dermal delayed type hypersensitivity induced by purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and DNCB‐induced contact hypersensitivity.The statistical model accounted for 43.50–77.30% of the observed variability in antibody and CMI at various times after immunization or challenge. While SLA had a significant effect on both antibody and CMI to some antigens at some, but not all times, sire, dam and litter were more frequently significant and to a greater degree.Haplotypes dd, dg and gg produced more antibody to SRBC and (T, G)‐A–L while dg and gg had higher primary, but not secondary antibody response to HEWL. Delayed hypersensitivity to PPD was most marked in pigs of dd, dg and gg haplotypes while contact hypersensitivity to DNCB was expressed least in the dg and gg haplotype pigs.Heritability estimates were high for response to (T, G)‐A–L and HEWL indicating feasibility of selective breeding f

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Blood samples from a female sheep‐goat hybrid and its back‐cross male offspring were tested for electrophoretic variants of plasma albumin, transferrin and esterase, and of red cell carbonic anhydrase, nucleoside phosphorylase, NADH‐diaphorase, ‘X’‐protein, superoxide dismutase, malic enzyme and haemoglobin. Red cells were also tested for blood group antigens. Both animals showed variants that could not be attributed to either sheep or goat alone, thus confirming previous chromosomal data that the female was a genuine sheep

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This study presents evidence that sheep haemopexin phenotypes are genetically controlled by three alleles, HpxA, HpxB1and HpxB2, of a single autosomal locus. Frequencies of two alleles, HpxAand HpxB(HpxBencompasses two isoalleles, HpxB1and HpxB2), were studied in eight sheep breeds in Czechoslovakia. The frequency of theHpxAallele was highest (ranging from 0.81 in Merino to 1.0 in East Friesian sheep). Qualitative and quantitative changes in haemopexin during postnatal development were studied by starch gel electrophoresis and rocket immunoelectrophoresis respectively. In electrophoresis, 1‐ or 2‐day‐old lambs had two very weak zones corresponding in mobility to two slower zones of adult animals. Later, the third more anodic zone appeared and gradually increased in intensity. In 1‐month‐old lambs the patterns were practically identical with those of adult animals. Using rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the level of haemopexin shortly after birth was practically zero. It rose sharply till the sixth day of life; then the level continued to rise slowly till about 1 month of age. The mean haemopexin level in adult sheep was 64.5 ± 18.26 (SD) mg/100ml serum, ranging from 30.5 to 116.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Milk samples from 189 Merinoland Sheep, 145 Black Faced Mutton Sheep, 89 East Friesian Milk Sheep, 36 Rhön, 36 Pleven, 23 Tsigaja, 25 Black Razka and 86 Hungarian Merino x Pleven (F1) sheep were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under acid conditions and isoelectric focusing in ultrathin layer polyacrylamide gels with carrier ampholytes. Six different β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) phenotypes (A, AB, B, AC, BC and C) were observed by both methods. The occurrence of three codominant alleles (β‐LgA, β‐LgB, β‐Lgc) at an autosomal locus (β‐Lg) was supported by family and population data on genetic equilibrium. Differences in gene frequencies between the br

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The genetic distances separating 14 Spanish goat breeds are calculated from gene frequency data of 14 genetic blood markers (GSH, Ke, Hb, Dia, Ct, MDH, CA, X, NP, Alp, Am, Cp, Tf and Al).Working from the matrix of Nei's genetic distances we drew a dendrogram demonstrating a great genetic similarity among populations from Negra Serrana, Zamorana, Guadarrama, Retinta, Blanca Andaluza, Berciana and Pirenaica on one hand; and Canaria, Murciana, Blanca Celtibérica, Verata, Palmera, Malaguena and Granadina on the other.We discuss the similarities and differences within our classification using gene frequency data of the blood genetic markers studied, and classifications based chiefly on morphological and production data

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Lines of White Leghorn chickens were developed by selection for high (HA) or low (LA) antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and then backcrossed to provide individuals segregating for haplotypesB13andB21of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) within each selected line. Although antibody response to SRBC was consistently higher in background genome HA than LA, there was a significant interaction between background genome and MHC haplotypes. The interaction resulted from higher antibody response in B13/B21individuals of line HA and in B21/B21individuals of line LA. Thus, response to SRBC was dependent on particular haplotype combinations present at the MHC as well as the background genome in which they were expressed.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A new variant of red cell glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), designated GPI‐C, was observed in the chow‐chow breed of dog. GPI‐C could be separated from the previously reported dog GPI variants (A and B), both by starch gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing (pH 3–10). Family data supported the hypothesis that GPI‐C is controlled by a third codominant allele (GPI C).GPI Coccurred as a rare allele in the Dutch chow‐chow

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00860.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Immunoblotting with antiserum specific to human Gc protein was used to identify Gc protein as the previously reported polymorphic plasma postalbumin (Po) of llamas and alpacas. This is the first report of Gc polymorphism in camelid species. One Gc variant appeared to be identical in llamas, alpacas, dromedaries and bactrian camels.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1989.tb00861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY