摘要:

Summary.Class II genes of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were investigated by Southern blot analysis using human cDNA probes for DQα, DQβ, DRβ and DRβ. The presence of a DQ‐like and a DR‐like subregion in cattle was clearly indicated. Highly polymorphic restriction fragment patterns were obtained when genomic DNA, digested with any one of theBamHI,EcoRI orPvuII restriction enzymes, was hybridized with the DQα and the DQβ probe. The polymorphisms were interpreted genetically by analysing five paternal half‐sib families of the Swedish Red and White breed. The material comprised, besides the bulls, 28 offspring and their dams. The analysis resolved 9 and 12 allelic variants of DQα and DQβ respectively. Thus, this investigation establishes a method for routine typing of MHC class II gene polymorphism in cattle. The results were entirely consistent with close linkage of DQα and DQβ since no recombinant was found and since alleles at these loci occurred in complete linkage disequilibrium in the material investigated. Close linkage betweenDQand the blood group locus M, which has previously been found to be closely linked to the serologically definedBOLA‐Alocus, was also indicated. In this study DNA was isolated from frozen semen samples of dead bulls, which shows that this type of analysis will be useful in genetic investigations in cattle breeds, where artificial insemina

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In the past few years it has been possible by combining enzymatic cleavage of genomic DNA and the Southern blot hybridization technique to explore the endonuclease recognition site polymorphism of the MHC. HLA class I and DR and DQ alpha and beta class II specific probes as well as human C4 and Bf class III probes were used. All these probes were shown to cross‐hybridize with DNA from pigs, cattle, sheep and horses. Hybridization of human genomic DNA with a class I probe showed 15–25 bands per genome depending on the enzyme used. Distinct endonucleases generated clusters of restriction fragments (RF) in HLA‐informative families which correlated with HLA specificites. While numerous clusters were found associated with HLA‐A alleles almost no cluster was related to HLA B or C specificities. Similarly, class II probes provided a large number of clusters. The existence of these clusters suggested that some polymorphic restriction sites are found in strong linkage disequilibrium and that the underlying mechanism might be gene conversion with heteroduplex correction. Since the degree of polymorphism detected by RF appears to be greater than the polymorphism defined by more traditional methods stronger associations between RF and pathological conditions are to be expected.Southern blot analysis was applied to unrelated pigs and sheep, as well as to families. Preliminary studies have also been performed on a few unrelated cattle and horses. Depending on the endonuclease used the HLA class I probe hybridized with around 15 bands in MHC heterozygous pigs and ruminants while up to 20 bands were found in horses. Therefore, a several‐fold greater number of potential class I genes exist compared to those actually expressed. With the class II beta probe, cattle and sheep showed around 10 bands whereas 15 were observed in pigs and around 20 in horses. Based on limited results obtained with DQ alpha and beta probes and with the DR alpha probe there appeared to be fewer of these respective genes. Only one C4 gene has been detected in pig and this gene maps within the SLA region. Hybridization with the human C4 probe in cattle, sheep and horses revealed two to four bands which could possibly account for two C4 genes. To date their linkage to the MHC has not been established.The Southern blot hybridization technique represents a powerful tool for future immunogenetic studies. This is even more so in large farm animals where for various reasons it is almost impossible to conduct certain types of investigation that are easily performed in rodents or in man. Although the data are still preliminary, they already extend our knowledge of the MHC in domestic animals far beyond what could have been reasonably anticipated using conventiona

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Two‐dimensional horizontal gel electrophoresis of pig plasma samples (under non‐denaturing conditions) using Immobiline pH gradient gels 4.0–6.0 for the first dimension separation, resulted in clear resolution of the variants of four different α‐protease inhibitors (protease inhibitor ‐1 and ‐2, P11 and P12; postalbumin ‐1A and ‐1B, PO1A and PO1B). All these variants were readily visualized by general protein staining. About 900 families each of Swedish Landrace (SL) and Yorkshire (SY) breeds were studied. The extensive inheritance data, including the recombinants encountered, indicated that each of these four inhibitors is controlled by a separate, autosomal locus and that the four loci are tightly linked (spread over a distance of 1–1.5 cM) with the order asPil‐Po1A‐Po1B‐Pi2. The alleles observed were two ofPil, 14 of Po1A, 11 ofPo1Band 8 ofPi2. About 40 haplotypes were observed in each of the two breeds. The allele frequencies atPo1A, Po1BandPi2loci were remarkably different in the two breeds; the alleles at these three loci showed a very strong linkage disequilibrium (0.8–1.0). The females showed much higher recombination frequencies than the males in thePo1A‐Pi2interval, suggesting that gene conversion‐like events may be occurring at these loci. This linkage in pigs and similar ones comprising some plasma α‐protease inhibitor genes in humans and in rodents, reported recently in the literature, indicate evolutionary conservation of a homologo

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The cleavage patterns of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) were investigated from 15 lines of domestic fowls,Gallus gallus domesticus. using 11 restriction endonucleases. The cleavage patterns with 10 restriction endonucleases were identical in all the lines. A variant was found in a line of White Leghorn in the pattern withMspldigestions. Cleavage patterns of the red jungle fowl,Gallus gallus gallus, were identical to the common patterns shown by the 14 lines of domestic fowls.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Sera and ovarian follicular fluids of 158 sows were tested with 27 allotype reagents. Immunodiffusion in agar gel (microtest) and haemagglutination inhibition were used as detection methods.Out of eight ‘individual’ (Lpb 1,‐2,‐3,‐4,‐5,‐6,‐7,‐9) and four ‘common’ (Lpb 12,‐13,‐14,‐16) specificities of serum beta‐lipoproteins (LDL), 11 were present in sera, but none in follicular fluids. On the other hand, Lpr 1 and Lpr (x) allotypes of the VHDL + VLDL beta‐lipoprotein system were detected both in sera and in follicular fluids. Of four antigens of the Gp system (Gp A,‐a, ‐B,‐b), only the ‘dominant’ characters, Gp A and Gp B, occurred in the follicular fluid. The typing of polymorphic IgG immunoglobulins (IgG‐a or IgG‐b system) showed that B1 or A2, B2 or A1 and B3 or A(x) allotypes could be detected both in serum and follicular fluid. Among allotypes that were not yet genetically classified, only the P3 specificity was not found in the population tested. The G1 allotype (preliminarily described as an alpha‐globulin) was present in sera only, and the remaining allotypes, G9, P1, P16 and P23 (alpha‐ or beta‐globulins) were present both in sera and follicular fluids.The mechanism of the transmission of serum proteins into ovarian f

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Evidence is presented for close genetic linkage between the structural loci for serum albumin and the vitamin D binding protein (Gc) in Belgian Blue and White cattle. Five recombinants were observed in a total of 342 informative offspring. The recombination frequency between the two loci was estimated as 1.5%± 0.9. The observed distribution of the haplotypes deviated from the expected one in the population, probably due to selection and significant linkage disequilibrium

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Plasma levels of β‐mannosidase activity were measured in the phenotypically normal members of a family of goats in which 12 cases of β‐mannosidosis have been reported. Normal or carrier genotypes were assigned on the basis of these results, and mating tables drawn up. Similar data were collected on a number of other small families unrelated to the one with β‐mannosidosis. The results indicate that the plasma β‐mannosidase level is a reasonably good indicator of carrier status and confirm that the disease β‐mannosidosis is inherited in a recessive manner and i

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An electrophoretic variant of sheep transferrin, TfL, has been described. Transferrin L has been shown to be controlled by a single codominant allele, TfL, at theTflocus. Transferrin L is electrophoretically distinguishable from the very similar transferrin TfKCzech. The value of gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for transferrin phenotyping in sheep is discussed.

ISSN:0268-9146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1986.tb00738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY