摘要:

ABSTRACT—The detection of somatostatin, a 14 aminoacid peptide, in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) initiated examinations by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical technique to elucidate its origin, localization, function, and possible significance in central nervous system disorders. The present survey deals with these aspects with special reference to multiple sclerosis (MS) and to correlation between disease activity and somatostatin content and variations in CS

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The regional kinetics of11C‐N‐methyl‐spiperone (11C‐NMSP) are described in the monkey brain under tracer conditions and after displacement and protection experiments. The primary aim of the study was to investigate different methodological problems associated with use of11C‐NMSP in the quantitation of receptor properties before applying the method in clinical research. Special emphasis was placed on the evaluation of different mathematical approximations of a general compartment model. Different mathematical procedures are described and the results indicate that the approximations performed are reasonable. The simplest method for obtaining a reliable measurement of the rate constant k3(which is ∼ proportional to the number of receptors) and k4(the receptor dissociation rate constant) uses the radioactivity in the cerebellum as a measure of the tissue concentration of ligand equilibrating with the recepto

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Motor nerve conduction study along the entire length of the ulnar andtibialis posteriornerves was carried out in 30 diabetics compared with 30 uremic patients and 30 control subjects. The conduction in the proximal and the distal nerve segments was evaluated by the determination of the M and F latencies, MNCV (between the stimulus sites), FWCV (between the spinal cord and the stimulus sites), and F‐ratio (conduction time ratio of proximal to distal segment). In both groups of patients the lower limbs appear much more involved than the upper, where the ulnar nerve is more commonly affected in uremic than in diabetic patients. In diabetic neuropathy the motor conduction abnormalities are diffuse over the total length of the nerve, but more marked distally in the ulnar ne

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—An epidemiological study of MS in 5 districts of Bulgaria was carried out over period of 10 years to establish MS prevalence, incidence and mortality. The district of Sofia was the highest, indicating increased prevalence among the urban population, and more female than male cases. In the age group up to 15 years, age at onset was significantly earlier in the urban than in the rural case

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The anti‐spastic effect of a new drug, tizanidine, was compared with that of baclofen in a double‐blind clinical trial; 40 seriously handicapped patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were randomly allocated treatment with one or the other drug for a 6‐week period. The antispastic effect was evaluated by clinical criteria. The optimal daily dose of both drugs varied considerably from patient to patient, and was on the average 23 mg for Tizanidin and 59 mg for baclofen. To the extent an antispastic effect was observed, the 2 drugs appeared to be equally effective when given at a 1:2 ratio (mg tizanidine: mg baclofen). Side effects of both drugs were sleepiness, muscular weakness and dry mouth. Tizanidine had a mild depressive effect on blood pressure. Sudden withdrawal of both drugs was accompanied by a transient relative increase of spasticity in approximately half the patients. There were no other changes suggesting physical or psychological dependence. The present study underscores that neither baclofen nor tizanidine are ideal antispastic drugs, and emphasize the need for further r

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The relationship of brain infarction to diabetes and alcoholism was studied in a 10‐year follow‐up of a defined general population (n= 159 200) of native, urban Swedes. Confounding bias due to high age and lower socioeconomic conditions was reduced with a new epidemiological technique which was used instead of conventional mathematical multivariate procedures. We observed 6–13‐fold and 4–6‐fold excess rates of subjects with brain infarction among diabetics (P<0.001) and alcoholics (P<0.001), respectively. In addition, diabetes and alcoholism were often found to be associated. The distribution of these diseases varied with the topography of the city and demography of the population. Hence, in future studies into the pathogenesis of brain infarction, study samples should be made homogenous not only from a clinical, but also from an epidemiological point of view. We conclude that diabetes, alcoholism and both in combination, associate with bra

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 28 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 14 with other neurological diseases (OND) and 31 control subjects with tension headache were analysed for presence of IgM antibodies against measles, mumps and varicellae zoster by a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This technique excluded false positive reaction due to possible presence of rheumatoid factor. Twelve of the 28 patients with MS had IgM antibodies in serum and 4 in CSF, the latter always being accompanied by presence of corresponding IgM antibodies in serum. Six patients had mumps specific IgM, 5 had measles specific IgM and 3 varicellae specific IgM. In 2 patients, viral IgM antibodies were demonstrated in serum against 2 different viruses. Among the 14 OND patients, one with Wilson's disease had demonstrable serum IgM varicellae antibodies and one with radicultis had elevated serum and CSF measles and varicellae IgM antibodies. Among 31 controls, 2 had IgM antibodies in serum, one against varicellae and one against mumps. No correlations were found between viral IgM antibodies and CSF IgM index, serum IgM levels or blood‐brain barrier state. Our data show that MS may be accompanied by a systemic IgM response against the 3 viruses tested, occasionally against 2 of the 3 different viruses simultaneously. The occurrence in MS of virus‐specific IgM may be a reflection of viral reactivation and/or polyclonal B cell act

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The case is reported of a 46‐year‐old homosexual LAV/HTLV III seropositive man in whom progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was the first and only clinical manifestation of AIDS. The severity and extension of neurological disturbances in AIDS are disc

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed on 6 surviving patients with a suspected diagnosis of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy of the juvenile and adult forms. Bilateral low density areas were observed in the putamina in all cases. This CT pattern conformed with the characteristic pathological changes of the disease. Once the possibility of Wilson's disease or an earlier episode of acute cerebral hypoxia, syndromes which both display a similar appearance in CT, is excluded, a diagnosis of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy may be considered in cases showing bilateral low density areas in the basal ganglia, especially in the putamina, and with a consistent clinical histor

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In vitrolymphocyte proliferation in response to allogeneic pooled cells, phytohaemaglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), was measured in relation to HLA A, B and C status in 67 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis and in 67 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Analysis of covariance taking age into account showed significant effects only for A9 and B12 in controls and B27 and Cw3 in patients, fewer than would be expected by chance. It is concluded that HLA Class 1 status is not an important factor in regulating mitogen responsiv

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY