摘要:

ABSTRACTIntracranial saccular aneurysms have been a well‐known clinical and pathological entity for over two centuries. The pathophysiological events that lead to aneurysm formation and rupture are, however, poorly understood. Besides an HLA‐accociated genetic factor, the most widely accepted risk factors are arterial hypertension, female gender, and increasing age. Some aneurysm patients have a deficient formation of Type III collagen. This seems to interfere with the mechanical integrity of the cerebral arterial wall encouraging aneurysm formation. While some of the risk factors may be involved in the process of aneurysm formation, others may be of importance in the actual aneurysm rupture. Medical and surgical developments have only had a slight impact on mortality rates from aneurysm rupture. The principal cause of death and disability is cerebral arterial spasm. Considerable effort has been expended in investigating the etiology of this phenomenon. Previous studies have failed to yield conclusive evidence of the causative agent(s) or the nature of cerebral artery narrowing. The time course of vasospasm after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage is consistent with an immune‐mediated response, and more recent observations suggest that immunological processes including activation of the complement system may be involved. Missed minor bleeding episodes may thus be a risk factor for aneurysm patients in respect to the development of cerebral vaso

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive diabetic patients and 3 non‐diabetics were subjected to a dietary supplement of 20 g per day ofmyo‐inositol (40 × the normal ingestion) for 14 days. This amount neither produced toxic side‐effects nor changed the peripheral nervefunction expressed by motor conduction velocity or resistance to isc

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe activity of 7 mitochondrial enzymes, fumarase, NAD‐malate dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS), valine dehydrogenase (VDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) has been measured in platelet preparations from patients affected by Friedreich's ataxia (FA), dominant and non‐dominant olivopontocerebellar atrophy (DOPCA, NDOPCA) and normal individuals. Significant decreases of GDH (P<0.01), PDHC (P<0.01), VDH (P<0.05) and SDH (P<0.05) activities were observed in FA patients. Significant decreases of GDH (P<0.01), PDHC (P<0.01), VDH (P<0.05), SDH (P<0.05) and CS (P<0.05) activities were observed in ND‐OPCA patients, whereas in DOPCA patients only GDH activity was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. In 8 of 10 patients with FA and in all patients with NDOPCA the activity of one or more of 4 enzymes, i.e. GDH, VDH, SDH, PDHC, was lower than the lowest of control values. Four of 6 patients with DOPCA had GDH activity lower than the lowest of control values. These results indicate that abnormalities of mitochondrial metabolism is a constant element in hereditary ataxia and suggest that the alteration primary leading to the different types of ataxias should be related to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, at least at a regulatory

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe P300 component of the auditory event‐related potential in 8 patients with myotonic dystrophy was studied and compared with that of 13 healthy controls. Abnormalities of P300 (prolongation of the latency and/or decrease of the amplitude) were observed in 6. These observations imply that the function of cognitive and information processing are impaired in myotonic dystroph

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSpells of laughter and crying are well known in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since ALS occurs mostly in older age groups, this brings up the possibility that aging changes in the brain could play a causative role in the origin of such spells. To rule out or at least reduce the complicating factor of aging, a study was made of the incidence of pathologic laughter and crying in patients whose motor neuron disease had started before the age of 45 years. The data were collected from 73 such individuals, all with confirmed ALS. All told, 36 had experienced episodes of pathologic laughter and/or crying. Of these, 20 had bouts of both laughter and crying. 9 bouts of crying alone and 7 spells of laughter alone. Nearly all with such emotional spells had developed bulbar involvement with the illness. The youngest patient with spells was 31 when his illness began and 35 when he started to have bouts of crying.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA total of 133 dizzy patients under the age of 60 years were examined using a stable balance plate (posturography, PG). All the patients were thoroughly examined neurologically before PG and classified into 7 diagnostic categories. Comparison was made between these categories and PG results. The referent group consisted of 116 healthy individuals. The patients with CNS lesions had more body sway than controls or the patients with peripheral vestibular lesions, whose sway did not significantly differ from that of the controls. The PG parameters that most clearly separated the patients from the controls were the total length of the movement of the center of gravity, and the sway in lateral and antero‐posterior directions. Analysis of the frequency of the sway or calculation of the Romberg index did not reveal significant differences between the categories. Men swayed more than women. Age did not correlate with PG results. Stable posturography offers useful quantitative supplementary information as a part of the examination of a dizzy patient. Increased body sway suggests a lesion in the CN

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFrom 3434 consecutive autopsied cases over 60 years of age, we performed retrospective, clinicopathological examinations on 81 patients with symptomatic embolic stroke and non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who had not received anticoagulant therapy during their lives. Twenty‐one had recurrent embolic strokes (recurrence rate: 25.9%). In the thrombotic infarction without NVAF, the recurrence rate was 21.4%. Recurrent strokes occurred earlier in the embolic infarction of NVAF than in the thrombotic infarction. Most of the lesions of initial embolic strokes were present in the territory of one middle cerebral artery (MCA), while many lesions of recurrent strokes were found in the territory of the contralateral MCA. Between the NVAF cases with and without recurrent embolic stroke, there was no significant difference in the background condition such as history of hypertension, duration of NVAF, severity of cerebral arterial atherosclerosis, heart weight, intracardiac thrombi, myocardial infarctions and infarctions in other systemic org

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA sensitive sandwich ELISA was applied to the measurement of the terminal component of complement C9 in CSF and plasma from 40 tension headache patients (reference group), 33 affected by clinically definite MS and 10 by aseptic meningitis. The levels of C9 in plasma were increased in aseptic meningitis. The determinations of CSF/plasma C9 ratio and C9 index, equal to (CSF C9/plasma C9): (CSF albumin/plasma albumin), thus accounting for changes of plasma C9 levels as well as damaged blood brain barrier, documented the existence of local consumption of C9 in aseptic meningitis. In contrast, only borderline alterations were evident in MS. The results indicate that local consumption of total C9 in CSF is an additional variable reflecting an acute inflammation within the CNS, but not demonstrable in MS, a chronic inflammatory CNS disorder.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTXeroderma pigmentosum associated with neurological abnormalities is a less familiar neurocutaneous disorder. In this report, 35 patients with group A xeroderma pigmentosum were assessed for neurological complications. Of these, 17 showed microcephaly and 24 mental retardation. Of 25 patients over 7 years of age, 22 had sensorineural deafness and 12 showed spinocerebellar signs such as nystagmus, dysarthria, tremor and ataxia, while none below 7 years of age had such neurological complications. Thirty‐five EEG studies were performed on 29 patients, and 15 showed intermittent spindles of grouped theta waves with abnormal slow background activity and a poorly developed alpha rhythm, suggesting immature brain development or a regression from normal brain function in many areas including the diencephalon. Twenty‐six patients were examined by cranial CT scan, of whom 20 showed abnormal CT findings such as ventricular dilatation, diffuse cortical atrophy, and marked thickening of the calvarial bones. The incidence of abnormal EEG and CT findings increased with advancing age in accordance with the development of neurological complications in the CNS, thus suggesting a chronic progressive degenerative dise

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT121 patients suffering from lumboradicular syndrome were examined for the presence of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Lumbar myelography was carried out on all. VZV‐antibody determination in blood, as well as in spinal fluid, was by indirect ELISA. In 40% of cases lumbar myelography revealed no signs of a herniated disc; none had raised antibody titre in spinal fluid. VZV‐antibody titre in blood indicated VZV infection in onl

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY