摘要:

Cerebellar atrophy (CA) is a frequent finding in patients with chronic epilepsy. To find out whether the existence of CA has an influence on the tolerance of high‐dose monotherapy with carbamazepine, we compared the lowest individual toxic serum levels in patients with complex focal seizures, with CA (n = 27) and without CA (n = 20) in computerized tomography (CT). There was no statistical difference between the groups, even after separating patients with mild CA (n = 20) from those with more severe damage (n = 7). In addition, other clinical, EEG and CT data also seemed to have no influence on the individual toxic threshold serum levels of carbamazepin

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recognition of photosensitivity depends upon the finding of an abnormal EEG response to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). Photosensitive epilepsy being the most common form of reflex epilepsy, has been studied most extensively and is reported to account for 5–10% of the epileptic population in general. One thousand unselected epileptics hailing from different parts of Northern India were screened for photosensitivity, both clinically and on a standard protocol of IPS‐provoked EEG recordings. Six patients (mean age 14.5 ± 3.56 yr) were found to be photosensitive: 4 had generalized, 1 had complex partial and 1 mixed seizures; 3 had history of seizures provoked by visual stimuli. The baseline EEG in 4 patients showed generalized and 2 partial, with secondary generalized, epileptiform discharges. On IPS, similar EEG findings were obtained with a wide range of stimulus frequency (6–60 cycles/s). There is a low incidence of photosensitivity in our epileptic population, for which we believe, genetic factors are respo

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cognitive functions of 24 patients with early onset parkinsonism (age of onset before 40 years) and 24 controls were investigated by a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients were shown to be impaired in performance IQ (PIQ), conceptual ability and regulation behavior, memory, visuospatial perception, and manual dexterity. Patients were also shown to have a higher Zung Depression score. However, analysis of the testing scores appeared to indicate that only a small portion of poor performance on neuropsychological tests are depression related. The results demonstrated that patients with early onset parkinsonism, in whom the factor of aging is not as important, still show cognitive dysfunction and suggested that Parkinson's disease itself can cause cognitive impairment

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Muscle responses (MEPs) to transcranial electrical stimulation were studied in 7 patients with apallic syndrome. All the patients showed clinical signs of upper motor neurone impairment in the upper and lower limbs. MEPs were absent or markedly delayed in 4 of the 7 patients. Since patients with apallic syndrome show only minimal voluntary movement, transcranial stimulation is the only way to demonstrate abnormalities of fast corticospinal axons in these patients. Even though these patients often look similar clinically, with tetraplegia and decorticate or decerebrate posture, only some cases showed dysfunction of fast corticospinal neurons.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simple and reliable enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the measurement of anti‐acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. The test utilizes a membrane‐bound AChR obtained from a human rabdomyosarcoma cell line (TE671) as antigen and employs an affinity‐purified rabbit anti‐human immunoglobulin G alkaline phosphatase‐conjugated antibody as labelled antibody. To assess the sensitivity and the specificity of our assay we tested serum samples from 13 anti‐AChR antibody‐positive myasthenia gravis (MG) patients known to contain between 2 and 120 nmol/l of anti‐AChR antibody, three anti‐AChR antibody‐negative MG patients, and 70 control subjects including patients with other neurological and autoimmune diseases. A panel of six different anti‐AChR monoclonal antibodies and membranes from a AChR‐negative rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC 12) were also used in competitive studies. The test showed to be specific and able to detect as low as 2.0 nmol/l of anti‐AChR antibodies. Moreover, we found a good correspondence between anti‐AChR antibody levels measured in the serum samples tested by our assay and levels measured by the routinely adopted radioimmuno assay (RIA) using human‐AChR (r = 0.96). Cross‐reaction phenomena were observed only using serum samples containing high‐titer anti‐DNA antibodies. The proposed ELISA, circumventing the limitation of the commonly used RIA (radioactivity and amputated legs as source of human antigen), can be considered as an useful screening test f

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because mitral valve prolapse and patent foramen ovale are supposed to promote stroke in young patients, we assessed the frequency of patent foramen ovale in 18 patients younger than 45 years with stroke and mitral valve prolapse diagnosed on echocardiography at the time of stroke, who were admitted to 2 university hospitals. Eleven patients were called back to hospital for contrast transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography, 3 to 7 years after their initial stroke. A patent foramen ovale was found in 9 patients (50%). In 4 re‐assessed patients no mitral valve prolapse was found using our present criteria. Six patients with mitral valve prolapse had a patent foramen ovale (43%). Our results suggest that mitral valve prolapse is commonly associated with patent foramen ovale in young stroke patient

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and S‐100b protein (S‐100b) using enzyme immunoassay methods, in 24 patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome and 46 controls, and examined their prognostic values. Sixteen of 24 patients showed elevated levels (>the mean + 2SD levels of controls) of NSE, S‐100b, or both, and in those with higher NSE or S‐100b levels there was a rather longer duration of disease, whereas 8 patients with the normal levels showed an early recovery. Further, NSE or S‐100b levels were significantly correlated with months to recovery. Thus, NSE and S‐100b in CSF may be useful markers for predicting the outcome of Guillai

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a prospective clinical investigation of 20 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), neurological complications, not attributable to other diseases were detected in 14 patients (= 70%). Dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) was nearly twice as frequent as central nervous system (CNS) complications. PNS involvement was dominated by symmetric sensory neuropathies, carpal tunnel syndromes, cranial nerve palsies (above all trigeminal sensory neuropathy) and pupillary dysfunction. CNS impairment was represented by cortical atrophy (n = 4), hemiparesis (n = 1) and aseptic meningitis (n = 1). Though CNS complications were rare, psychometric testing revealed diminished cognitive capacity in 14 patients. In addition to the characteristic sicca syndrome patients suffered from musculoskeletal pain and recurring abnormal sensation which frequently lead to the misdiagnosis of functional disorders. Additionally the frequent occurrence of psychiatric symptoms such as nervosity and depression support the impression of a psychosomatic pattern with no organic basis

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of the 21‐aminosteroid U74006F and methylprednisolone (MP) on motor function and oedema were investigated after spinal cord compression in rats. Each compound was administered i.v. as a single dose 60 min after injury. The hind limb motor function was assessed using the inclined plane technique and expressed as the capacity angle. The water content was calculated as the percent wet weight of the total weight. Prior to compression the capacity angle was close to 62–64°. One day after compression the motor function was reduced significantly in all rats. However, the capacity angle was significantly higher after treatment with U74006F or MP than with vehicle, i.e. 50°± 4, 45°± 5, and 32°± 3, respectively. This improved functional recovery persisted during the initial nine days. After compression of the spinal cord the water content increased to a maximum on day 4 in all groups. The water content was not significantly different in any of the groups except on day one and nine when it was less in groups treated with U74006F. In conclusion, a single i. v. injection of U74006 or MP given 60 min after compression of the spinal cord improved motor function without effecting oedema expressed as wat

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma and CSF levels of C4d and the circulating immune complex (CIC) to C1q were measured in 27 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Parkinson's disease (PD) and cervical spondylosis (CS). There was no significant difference among groups in plasma C4d or in plasma or CSF CIC to C1q. However, the PSP group had significantly higher CSF levels of C4d than the PD and CS groups. Higher CSF C4d index in the PSP group was also shown compared with PD and CS groups. These results suggest that augmented complement activation in the wide areas of the central nervous system occurs in PSP. CSF levels of C4d or C4d index may serve as a basis for differentiating PSP from PD.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY