摘要:

Both extensores digitorum longi (EDL) muscles of rabbits were denervated by crushing the common peroneal nerves. The EDL muscle on one side was directly stimulated at 10‐12 Hz via implanted electrodes. This treatment reduced the changes of twitch/tetanus ratios produced by denervation and prevented the slowing of contraction and relaxation that follows denervation. It is concluded that the stimulation reduced the duration of the active state of denervated muscles.These effects of stimulation were reduced after 5 weeks, probably because by that time the slowing effect of low‐frequency activity on the fast muscles became appar

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aetiology of central nervous system infections was surveyed in a study at Aurora Hospital, Helsinki, in 1980. Of the 146 patients with central nervous system infections, 113 had aseptic meningitis, 23 bacterial and one tuberculous meningitis, and nine meningoencephalitis or encephalitis. The probable aetiology of aseptic meningitis was established in 67% of the 106 patients properly tested, the commonest agents being mumps (27%), Coxsackie (24%) and ECHO (9%) viruses.Haemophilus influenzatype b was the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis (39%), occurring solely among infants and young children. There were no cases due toNeisseria meningitidisgroup A, which used earlier to be epidemic in Finland. The incidences of aseptic, bacterial and tuberculous meningitis in Helsinki in 1980 (based on a total of 174 patients treated in the three hospitals admitting patients with central nervous system infections) were 26.7, 5.2 and 0.2 cases per 100,000 annually, and those of encephalitides and myelitis 3.5 and 0.6 cases per 100,000 annually.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Male Wistar rats were subjected to 20 min of cerebral ischemia by means of 4‐vessel occlusion. The topography of regional, selective neuron loss in this model corresponded to areas with pronounced glutamate high affinity uptake (presynaptic receptors), suggesting that transmitter glutamate is involved in the mechanism of neuron damage. One group of animals was injected with the glutamate antagonist, glutamic acid diethyl ester (GDEE) before ischemia. The regional neuron loss was rated using a semiquantitative scale. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups. The results do not exclude a possible role of transmitter glutamate in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage. More specific and potent glutamate antagonists are needed in order to clarify such a mechanis

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The beta‐1 selective, hydrophilic adrenoceptor blocking drug atenolol (100 mg daily) was compared to the non‐selective, lipid‐soluble beta‐blocker propranolol (240 mg daily), and to placebo, in a double‐blind cross‐over study in 24 patients with essential tremor. Atenolol and propranolol caused a similar decrease in heart rate. Both beta‐blockers also suppressed the tremor intensity; there was no significant difference between them, but both were significantly better than placebo. These drugs did not affect tremor frequency. Twelve of the patients preferred propranolol subjectively, one preferred atenolol and none preferred placebo. No marked side‐effects were observed. It was concluded that atenolol and other cardio‐selective blockers offer an alternative for patients unable to tolerate the non‐selective drugs. The site of action and receptor sub‐type involved have s

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Of 2,076 Finnish males, 35% reported at interview as having one or more blackouts during the previous 12 months. Age‐adjusted mean frequencies of blackouts showed an almost linear increase with the frequency of intoxication. Because of the skewness of the drinking variables, logarithmic transformations were used in multiple regression analysis. This indicated that the frequency of blackouts was significantly associated with age, social class and the frequency of intoxicating drinking, but not with marital status or the frequency of non‐intoxicating drinking. Together, the regressors accounted for 21% of the total variance of blacko

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies were determined by indirect haemagglutination in 53 epileptics receiving long‐term diphenylhydantoin (DPH) therapy and in 53 matched controls. Absorption of serum IgG, IgA and IgM performed in 12 sera showed that the antibodies were of the IgG class. A decreased incidence of high CMV antibody titres ( 320) was found in epileptics (11.3%) compared with controls (34.0%) (0.02>P>0.01), whereas antibody titres 40 were found in 37.7% of epileptics and in 45.3% of controls (n.s.). The CMV antibody incidence and titre range were similar in patients with symptomatic (37.9%) and idiopathic (37.5%) epilepsy, suggesting that the DPH treatment was responsible for the decreased antibody occurrence in patients. No correlation between CMV antibody titres and the serum immunoglobulin levels or the DPH concentration or clearance could be established in the epileptic

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experimental autoimmune multiple sclerosis‐like disease (EAMSD) was induced in rabbits by immunizing them with bovine brain gangliosides. Forebrain myelin was isolated and fractionated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient into light myelin (LM, buoyant density 0.625 M), and heavy myelin (HM, buoyant density>0.625 M). No abnormalities in either protein or lipid composition of EAMSD myelin fractions were observed. However, the EAMSD tissue yielded 31% less light and 39% more heavy myelin compared to the control brains. Thus, the HM/LM ratio was two‐fold greater in experimental than in control myelin. This pathological pattern is similar to that which has been observed in myelin obtained from the brains of multiple sclerosis patients and from the optic nerves of rabbits with experimentally‐induced demyelin

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The water content of the brain is closely related to the maturation and degree of myelination. In control rats studied from the day of birth to the age of 26 days, brain specific gravity increased in parallel to the decrease in water content (r= 1.00). Rats treated with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) 100 μg/g daily during the first 2 or 4 days of life had significantly lower specific gravity than controls in all parts of the brain at the age of 2 weeks. With the smaller dose 6‐OHDA, the specific gravity at the age of 1 month was lower than in controls in the occipital cortex; with the larger dose it was significantly reduced in all cortical regions as well as in the pons and the diencephalon. 2‐months old 6‐OHDA treated rats did not differ from controls. Rats pretreated with desipramine 30 min before administration of 6‐OHDA to prevent uptake of 6‐OHDA into catecholaminergic neurons did not differ from controls.Neonatal 6‐OHDA treatment affects predominantly noradrenergic terminals in the cerebral cortex with cell bodies in the locus coeruleus. The present results are consistent with the hypothesis that these neurons have a trophic influence on the brain development during the post

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

63 patients with alcoholic‐nutritional peripheral neuropathy were given neurologic, electrophysiologic and nutritional examinations. 24 of these patients were reexamined later in the course of their disease, after from 2 to 72 months (mean 33).Alcoholic‐nutritional neuropathy appeared and worsened after bouts of heavy alcohol intake and malnutrition. Initially it was sensory and symmetric in character, with prominent involvement of the posterior tibial nerves. With repeated attacks it became more proximal, more motor, and associated with more severe slowing of nerve conduction velocity. 11 of the patients were able to stop drinking alcohol. Initial subjective improvement was seen within the first week or two, but substantial improvement was not seen for 5 to 6 months. Most leg motor nerve velocity improved at a mean rate of increase of 0.12 M/sec per abstinent month. Large motor units and slowed nerve conduction persisted in «cured» patients. The largest motor units detected in the legs grew, despite alcohol i

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The possible association of 7 HLA specificities in the HLA‐A locus and 16 specificities in the HLA‐B locus with susceptibility to Parkinsonian syndrome was investigated in a total of 36 patients with paralysis agitans (PA), as well as in 11 patients with other Parkinsonian syndromes, and 176 controls in Japan. There was no clear association between HLA‐A or ‐B locus antigens and PA or other Parkinsonian syndromes. Patients with PA were subdivided according to sex, age of onset, clinical manifestations, and response to L‐Dopa therapy. There was, however, no apparent association between HLA‐A or ‐B locus antigens and any of the variables investigated. Our data do not provide any evidence for genetic susceptibility in the patho

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1982.tb03147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY