摘要:

ABSTRACTThe significance of a crossed extensor hallucis response on active flexion of the hip was analysed in various neurological disorders. It is concluded that this sign, not formerly described, is a pathological reflex or synkinesia. In the cooperative patient the crossed extensor response is a more sensitive indicator of a minor disturbance within the cortico‐spinal motor pathways than the Babinski sign. With lesions above the foramen magnum a crossed extensor hallucis response is observed more frequently than the Babinski sig

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTQuantitative development of choroid plexuses in cerebral ventricles of chick embryos was investigated by means of the planary projection of the choroid plexuses from the time the plexuses reached a consistent flattened structure. Choroid plexuses in the lateral cerebral ventricles were studied from day 6, the plexus in the third cerebral ventricle from day 8, and the plexus in the fourth cerebral ventricle from day 11 of incubation. Regardless of the microscopic origin of these choroid plexuses, their development reached a growth maximum on day 15 of incubation, after which there was a slight regression. the regression was gradual in the plexus of the third cerebral ventricle but a transient enlargement of plexuses in the lateral and in the fourth cerebral ventricle was observed between days 18 and 19. the enlargement of choroid plexuses in the lateral cerebral ventricles was caused by a flattening of the villi, whereas that of the plexus in the fourth cerebral ventricle was caused by thinning and yawning of the villi. the area of choroid plexuses in the lateral cerebral ventricles was six or seven times larger than the sum of the areas of the remaining choroid plexuses.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of hydrocortisone on the telencephalic choroid plexus and on the osmolarity and ionic composition of CSF was studied 48 hours after its administration onto the chorio‐allantoic membrane of chick embryos on days 11 and 13 (20 μg per egg) or on day 17 (40 μg per egg). Hydrocortisone significantly reduced the choroid plexus area on days 13 and 15 but was ineffective on day 19. the topical analysis of these choroid plexuses, influenced by the steroid, pointed to a decrease of the growth activity in those parts whose proliferation was intensive. the transient population of villi in the apical part of these plexuses was the most sensitive. Those parts, being morphogenetically inactive or whose morphogenetic changes were not caused by the cellular proliferation, were not affected significantly. the osmolarity of CSF increased significantly during the investigated period simultaneously with an increase in the sodium and chloride concentration while the concentrations of potassium did not change significantly. Hydrocortisone evoked a precocious increase in the osmolarity of CSF on days 13 and 15. Contemporarily, the potassium concentration in CSF was elevated while the steroid failed to change the sodium and chloride concentrati

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHomocarnosine, the brain‐specific dipeptide of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine, was found to be elevated in the CSF, i.e. approximately 20 times the mean control level, in two brothers and one sister. All three were similarly afflicted, i.e. with a progressive spastic paraplegia, progressive mental deterioration and retinal pigmentation. A sister was healthy, and there was no other occurrence of similar symptoms in the family. the clinical symptoms in the affected individuals seem to differ from those in other reported families. the unaffected sister, the father and two maternal aunts exhibited a normal CSF homocarnosine level, whereas the mother, who showed no definite clinical symptoms, showed a markedly elevated CSF homocarnosine level. the explanation for the latter finding remains obs

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOn the basis of assay of heavy metals in whole blood (lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and manganese) and delta‐amino‐levulinic‐acid dehydrase (ALA‐D) and ALA in urine in a normal Danish population, the levels of these clinico‐chemical factors were assayed in 23 patients with peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology. All patients studied showed electro‐physiological signs of denervation and/or reduced motor or sensoric nerve conduction velocity. Cadmium and manganese were never found to be increased. In all but four patients, an increase of one or more heavy metals was found. Ten patients showed raised levels of two or more metals, the dominant metal being lead (10 cases), nine patients showed increased nickel values, eight increased copper values and two an increase in chromium. A significant correlation was found between increasing lead levels and decreasing ALA‐D activity. Although normal concentrations of manganese were found, correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between increased manganese and decreased ALA‐D. the raised values of heavy metals could not be traced to occupational or other exposure to heavy metals and the increased values were not related to tobacco consumption. the findings are discussed in relation to known data on neuropathy and the results seem to indicate a multifactorial pathogenesis of the disease. Among factors contributing to the precipitation of the syndrome may be raised levels

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCSF and serum was obtained from 216 patients with neurological or psychoneurotic symptoms and the concentrations of albumin and IgG were immunologically determined. the IgG/albumin index, calculated as the quotient of the CSF/serum ratios of IgG and albumin was compared with electrophoresis on agar gel. In “normal” cases, the IgG/albumin index was between 0.26–0.66. Pathological electrophoresis, i.e. with two or more IgG bands in the gamma globulin region, was found in 85 per cent of the MS patients; in 29 per cent of the patients with a possible demyelinating disease; in 41 per cent of patients with CNS infection; and in 4 per cent of patients with other neurological disorders; whereas an increased IgG/albumin index (>0.66) was found in 88 per cent of the MS patients; in 43 per cent of the patients with a possible demyelinating disease; in 50 per cent of the patients with CNS infection; in 11 per cent of patients with immunological disorders; and in 18 per cent of patients with other neurological diseases. the increase of the IgG/albumin index was sometimes moderate (0.67–0.90), except in patients with MS, syphilis and other CNS infections, where a pathological electrophoresis combined with an IgG/albumin index above 1.0 was found to be a valuable support for the clinical di

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rudolf C. H. Engel: Abnormal Electroencephalograms in the Neonatal Period.The Growth of Competence. Ed. by K. J. Connolly&J. S. Brunner.Progress in Biophysics&Molecular Biology. Ed. by J. Butler&D. Noble.E. R. Bickerstaff: Neurological complications of oral contraceptives.Hemispheric disconnection and cerebral function. Ed. by Kinsbourne and W. Lynn Smith.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY