摘要:

ABSTRACTA series of 115 patients was treated with sodium valproate (Epilim) for periods ranging from 6 to 24 months and in dosages ranging from 400 mg to 2400 mg daily. All but six of these patients had intractable epilepsies and had been previously treated unsuccessfully with other anti‐epileptic agents. Eighty patients had generalised seizures and 35 had partial seizures which, in 26 cases, were secondarily generalised. Reduction of seizure frequency by over 50 per cent occurred in about 70 per cent of patients with generalised seizures but in only 37 per cent of those with partial seizures. A number of patients reported increased alertness, improvement of mood, increased appetite and improved performance at school. the adverse effects encountered were gastro‐intestinal symptoms, weight gain and hair l

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a follow‐up study of 50 patients with severe head injuries three patients had echolalia. One patient with initially global aphasia had echolalia for some weeks when he started talking. Another patient with severe diffuse brain damage, dementia, and emotional regression had echolalia. the dysfunction was considered a detour performance. In the third patient echolalia and palilalia were details in a total pattern of regression lasting for months. the patient, who had extensive frontal atrophy secondary to a very severe head trauma, presented an extreme state of regression returning to a foetal‐body pattern and behaving like a b

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty automechanics possessing increased whole blood values of one or more of the following heavy metals: chromium, copper, lead, manganese and nickel, were studied for peripheral nerve affection by means of electromyography (both sensoric and motoric nerve potentials were recorded). the heavy metal contents were related to the findings of denervation, distal motor latency, distal sensory latency, motoric and sensoric conduction velocities. Apart from two workers, in whom only lead was assayed, the remaining group of 18 were assayed for all heavy metals under study. Six workers showed increased distal motor and/or sensory latency and seven decreased nerve conduction velocity (four motoric and three sensoric affections). of the workers with nerve affection, three showed increased levels of lead (nickel and chromium also raised). Four workers showed increased lead, nickel and chromium and one of lead, chromium and manganese. All in all, 10 out of 20 workers (50 percent) with elevated lead levels showed definite signs of peripheral neuropathy and seven out of 14 with raised nickel values showed these signs but they could all be accounted for by the increased lead level. All except seven workers with raised lead levels in the whole group showed values above the critical limit of 80.0 μg/100 ml in whole blood. the data argue for the highly toxic effect of lead and other heavy metals on the peripheral nervous system and stress the diverse toxic exposure which automechanics undergo during their work. the possibility of there being a synergistic action between heavy metals and components of mineral oil and petroleum is discussed

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMuscle samples for cultures were obtained from the quadriceps by open biopsy under local anesthesia in five patients with early stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 10 controls. Primary cultures were grown in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with 20 per cent fetal calf serum. After 4 weeks, cells were trypsinized, counted, sub‐cultured for 5 days in MEM with 5 per cent horse serum and finally incubated for 4 h with (3H) leucine. Total protein synthesis showed a significant decrease (half of control values) only in muscle cultures from patients with DMD. Addition of calcium chloride alone or with A23187 ionophore normalized this defect in protein synthesis. By contrast, myosin heavy chain synthesis was measured and found normal in all patient

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSympathetic denervation of the brain vessels was performed uni‐ or bilaterally in 13 adult rabbits, and cortical cold lesions were induced bilaterally 10–18 days afterwards. After a further 4–35 days the vascular and morphological changes in the lesion areas were studied histologically and with angiography. No difference was observed between the denervated and the non‐denervated lesion areas. the results are discussed with regard to a proposed functional plasticity of the chronically denervated brain vessels and/or to possible changes in metabolic demands of the brain

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA polarographic technique has been used to study the oxygen uptake of rat brain homogenates incubated with metabolites known to accumulate in uraemia and hepatic coma. In general, results with individual metabolites were in agreement with those previously obtained with brain slices using the Warburg technique. Inhibition was induced at higher concentrations with urea, creatine, indoxysulphate, guanidine, dimethylamine hydrochloride, ammonium chloride, taurocholate, glycodeoxycholate, sodium deoxycholate, skalote and indole. Serum and ultrafiltrate from drowsy uraemic patients also caused inhibition, and this was reversed by renal dialysis. Similarly serum and ultrafiltrate from patients in hepatic coma inhibited oxygen uptake but in this instance reversal of the inhibition was not demonstrated following exchange blood transfusion to the patients.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe F‐wave velocity in the central segment (axilla to spinal cord) was studied employing the “collision technique” described by Kimura (1974), and compared with the conduction velocity obtained with the the usual methods. In 25 normal subjects the F‐wave velocity increased proceeding proximally, reaching the maximum values in the central tract (64.86 ± 2.23 m/sec in ulnar nerve). In 11 patients affected by motor neurone disease and 11 patients affected by amyotrophie lateral sclerosis the F‐wave velocity decreased significantly proceeding proximally and the minimum values were found in the central tract (52.51 ± 2.15 m/see in MND and 48.64 ± 5.60 m/sec in ALS). We therefore suggest the use of F‐wave velocity as a more complete element for precise localization of the lesion in the central segment when the motoneurone is prim

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs the anticonvulsant plasma level of diazepam (DZP) after intravenous injection is maintained only for a short period, it is profitable to administer DZP as an intravenous infusion. It has, however, been claimed that DZP cannot be mixed with dextrose injection as DZP would precipitate. As this is in contrast to our clinical experience we added DZP of various brands to dextrose injections. A precipitate was in fact found in dextrose injections containing Valium® and Stesolid®, whereas Diazepam A.L.® was only slightly cloudy. the concentration of DZP was, however, the same in all the samples and corresponded to the calculated concentration. the precipitate in the solutions with Valium® and Stesohid® which did not pass the filter must therefore be due to additives, most probably benzoates. On the basis of these findings and our clinical experience of this mode of administration we recommend the infusion method as one of the most effective in the acute treatment of status epilept

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty‐three patients with the chronic progressive or intermittent relapsing form of multiple sclerosis (MS) were treated with d‐penicillamine over a period from 6 weeks to 12 months. Clinical effect was evaluated using Kurtzke's disability status scale with follow‐up lasting from 7 weeks to 15 months. Fifteen patients remained unchanged, 7 became worse and 1 improved after the treatment. Administration of penicillamine to patients with MS resulted in an insignificant lowering of serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels. It is concluded that penicillamine neither prevented the occurrence of relapses nor slowed down the chronic progressive course of multiple scle

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere has been accumulation of the nutritional muscular dystrophy of the cattle in a certain western district of Finland where the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is also highest. This animal disease is due to lack of selenium (Se) and vitamin E. The Se content of whole blood was low (52.8 ± 11.3 ng/ml) in MS patients from this high‐risk area compared to the controls (68.8 ± 11.0). The data for serum failed to confirm this tendency. All Se values appeared to he lower than international values suggested. The values for hoth vitamin E and copper were within the international normal ra

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY