摘要:

A territory‐wide study of myasthenia gravis (MG) was conducted in Hong Kong. Two hundred and sixty‐two Chinese patients (159 adult and 103 paediatric onset) were identified, corresponding to a point prevalence and period prevalence of 53.5 and 62.2 per million respectively, and an average annual incidence of 4.0 per million population. Nine patients died, 7 from MG, giving a case fatality rate of 0.027. Female predominance was present in the whole group of patients (female to male ratio 1.6:1) and in those with adult disease (ratio 2.1:1), but not in those with onset in childhood (ration 1.1:1). Onset of disease was most common in the first 3 decades of life, and became less common in subsequent decades. Juvenile onset MG occurred in 39.3% of patients and restricted ocular MG in 47.9%. Familial occurrence was found in 5 patients. In the 159 adult onset patients, ocular disease was most common (32.7%), followed by mild generalised (29.6%), moderately severe generalised (24.5%), fulminating (11.9%) and late severe disease (1.3%). The mean age of onset of symptoms was 36.7 years. The symptomatology was similar to that of Caucasoid populations. Autoimmune thyroid disease was the commonest associated disease, and the incidence of thymoma among thymic abnormalities was high at

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When erythromycin (ERY) is co‐administrated with the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ), a drug interaction may cause an increase in CBZ plasma concentrations, which can result in CBZ related toxic symptoms. This cross‐over study was designated to investigate whether ERY influences the pharmacokinetics of the new antiepileptic oxcarbazepine (OXC) and its metabolites. In 8 healthy volunteers there were no significant differences in AUC, peak plasma concentrations or time to peak concentration when OXC was administered either with or without ERY. The results of this study suggest that OXC may offer an important advantage over CBZ especially when concomitant therapy with ERY is requi

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We assessed cognitive performance and its relationship with clinical and anatomic disease severity in MS with mild to moderate handicap; 34 definite MS and 18 healthy subjects matched for age and education were submitted to a neuropsychological test battery. Both groups were examined for anxiety. MS patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. MS performed worse than controls on all WAIS‐P subtests and had learning, short‐ and long‐term verbal memory impairment. Cognitive deficits were not related to abnormal emotional states, but were found to be associated with attentional process and information‐processing speed impairment. Cognitive impairment did not correlate with severity of physical disability. The most severe memory deficits were found in patients with extensive periventricular

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of 20 patients with central nervous system manifestations of hematological malignancies including primary cerebral lymphoma (n = 5) and disseminated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 7) were examined for albumin, IgG, IgM, fibronectin, β2‐microglobulin, interleukin‐6, soluble interleukin‐2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands. Although a broad range of abnormalities were detected, no reliable CSF parameter for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal spread from hematological neoplasias could be identified. An analysis of 61 repeat lumbar punctures added little to the findings of the first CSF examinations. Currently, immunochemical studies of CSF cell surface markers and early biopsy have probably more clinical value than the determination of the humoral CSF parameters included in this study. However, analysis of cytokine synthesis by single CSF cells using molecular biology techniques may improve the differential diagnosis of hematological neoplasia of the brain and spinal cord in th

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective study of 98 consecutive adults with a first seizure to determine the most important etiological factors and the optimum diagnostics. 27 were thought to have cryptogenic seizures. Main causes of symptomatic seizures were: cerebral infarction, alcohol‐withdrawal, CNS infections, tumors, vascular malformations, traumatism and miscellanea. Eight were infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) representing 8.2% of all the patients with a first seizure and 20% of the 15–45‐year age group. CT disclosed structural lesions in 33 cases. MRI in those with normal CT and no other explanation of seizure revealed additional lesions in 22.2%, but did not change management in any. We conclude that CT is essential in evaluation of adults with first seizure. MRI may be useful in selected cases. The HIV‐infected now represent an important group with a firs

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study measures whether there is a rise in the secretion of nocturnal prolactin and growth hormone (GH), during the delta phase of the first sleep cycle in children who are suffering from either complex partial or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. The findings are compared with those obtained in the control group of patients which is made up who suffer from pseudoseizures. There is a moderate but significant rise in the nocturnal prolactin plasma level in both types of infantile seizures. No significant difference was found in the G

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Postischemic alterations of spontaneous discharges of complex spike cells (CS cells) and evoked potential in the rat hippocampal CA1 region were studied. Following 5 min of ischemia, CS cell discharge reappeared approximately 5 min after reperfusion and the frequency remained low, reaching a final value of 66.1 ± 16.0% (n = 11) of preischemic frequency 2 h later. However, only one of 7 CS cells subjected to 20 min of ischemia exhibited discharges 2 h later. In the group with 5 min of ischemia, we obtained CS cell discharges from all rats at both 1 and 2 days after ischemia, with cluster frequencies indistinguishable from preischemic levels. In the group with 20 min of ischemia, discharges were noted in 7 neurons of 11 rats after 1 day, and in only 2 neurons of 8 rats after 2 days: their mean frequencies were lower than preischemic levels. In experiments of evoked potentials, the mean percentages of amplitudes of the post‐synaptic potential (psp) 2 h after 3, 5 and 20 min of ischemia were 98.0 ± 10.7 (n = 8), 70.7 ± 8.22 (n = 9) and 45.1 ± 6.34% (n = 7) of preischemic amplitudes, respectively. These results suggest that the functional deterioration of spike generation, as well as synaptic transmission, starts during transient ischemia and/or at the early stage of reperf

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the effect of aging on EEG spectra recorded from T5–O1 (T6‐O2) derivation. The aging series composed of 52 normal individuals aged 20 to 91 years. Seventy‐nine per cent of visual and 81% of quantitative EEGs were considered normal. The absolute amplitude of delta and theta bands and absolute power of delta band were lower for the oldest group (aged 60 and over) than for the youngest group (aged 20–39 years). Age was inversely related to the amount of delta and theta indicating that the amount of slow activity in quantitative EEG does not increase with age in the context of good health status. Women had more beta activity compared with men. In addition, the amount of beta and alpha bands showed tendency for a reduction with age. Fifteen subjects aged 50 years or older participated in a 2‐year follow‐up including EEG and neuropsychological evaluation. Seven of them deteriorated in learning ability and showed increase in delta activity. In the oldest age group, delta amplitude was positively correlated with intrusion errors in the list learning test and inversely related to acetylcholinesterase activity of the CSF. Thus, a link between the cholinergic system, EEG slowing and memory problems in old age i

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum ceruloplasmin levels have been estimated in 80 patients with various intracranial space occupying lesions and in 30 controls. The ceruloplasmin levels were significantly increased in all brain tumours except in meningiomas. After therapy, the ceruloplasmin levels were still significantly increased when compared to controls and their respective preoperative values. However, the rise in levels of ceruloplasmin in malignant tumours compared to benign was statistically not significant. It is concluded that ceruloplasmin may have a role to play as an acute phase reactant protein in brain tumours.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Debrisoquine (DBQ) metabolism was studied in 80 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, 26 of whom had young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), and in 143 controls. There was no significant difference between the proportion of poor metabolisers of DBQ among YOPD patients compared either to other parkinsonians, or to controls. Nor was there a significant correlation between the age of disease onset and DBQ metabolic ratio (MR). The results do not support the suggestion that impairment of DBQ metabolism (and hence cytochrome P450) is a primary defect in YOPD. However, in comparison with controls, MR values were modestly but significantly higher in PD patients, even in those not treated with drugs known to affect DBQ metabolism.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY