摘要:

ABSTRACTThe lymphocytes from controls, untreated MS and MS patients treated with transfer factor were stimulated with PHA, PWM, PPD, LPS and MA and the increased incorporation of myoinositol into phosphatidylinositides was determined. As compared with controls, the untreated MS patients revealed significantly lower index of stimulation with PHA, LPS, PPD and MA. The response of lymphocytes from MS patients treated with transfer factor was intermediate. No correlation between disease progression and stimulation of inositol incorporation was observed. Analysis of variance showed that the myoinositol test is not applicable in long‐term studies to distinguish single subjects, however it is useful to determine differences between MS patients and control

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInflammatory reactions of the central nervous system (CNS) are diagnosed by the determination of elevated immunoglobulin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to local production of immunoglobulins. However, unspecific disurbances of the blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) can also cause an increase of CSF immunoglobulin concentration as a result of filtration from blood serum. The methods described here attempt a more precise characterization of immunoglobulins in CSF and to define that portion of CSF immunoglobulin derived from the CNS. Albumin and the immunoglobulin fractions IgG, IgA and IgM are determined in serum and CSF. The ratio of albumin in serum and CSF is taken as an indicator of BBB function. By the determination of quotients an overproportional immunoglobulin elevation in CSF as expression of an inflammatory reaction of the CNS can be detected. Methodological problems and the definition of normal ranges are discus

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA patient with Friedreich's disease and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is described. An investigation was performed into the nature of the ocular motor disorders, which appeared clinically to be supranuclear. The EMG of the ocular muscles suggested myopathy. A specimen of ocular muscle was obtained by biopsy and examined with the light microscope and—for the first time—under the electron microscope. Signs of mitochondrial myopathy were found alongside neurogenic features. Postmortem examination of the central nervous system confirmed the diagnosis of Friedreich's disease with lesions of the motor cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. No evidence was found for a supranuclear or internuclear origin of the ocular palsies, but 20–30 per cent of the neurons in the nuclei III and IV were atrophic. Lesions of the non‐medullated motor nerve fibres were also visible under the electron microscope. That the origin of the c. p. e. o. in this heredo‐ataxia is neurogenic‐nuclear is postulated on the grounds of the neuropathological and electronmicroscopic findings. Resemblances to the microscopic and submicroscopic appearance of many types of “ocular myopathy” and “ophthalmoplegia‐plus” throw doubt upon the myogenic character of these conditions. Possibly chronic, slowly progressive atrophy in the nuclear areas of the ocular motor nerves must in these cases also be held responsible for the c. p. e. o. Perhaps Moebius's Kern‐Schwund theory may be

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe peripheral metabolism of Dopa has been studied in correlation with the clinical occurrence of Levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson patients. Within the group of patients treated with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (PDI), the combination of all the plasma levels of O‐Methyldopa from patients with dyskinesias shows significantly higher values than those from patients without dyskinesias. For Dopa itself, no significant difference can be detected. Such high O‐Methyldopa levels seem to be due to a progressive accumulation of this compound and not to a higher degree of formation. In contrast, no significantly different Dopa or O‐Methyldopa levels are found within the group of patients treated with L‐Dopa alone. These results are discussed in relation to some of the suspected mechanisms involved in Levodopa‐induced

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive patients suffering from familial periodic paralysis with hypokalemia (FPP) were exposed to standard paralysis induction trials which elicited total paralysis and hypokalemia. In all cases the serum potassium fell to or below 2.6 mmol/l. After being pre‐treated with diazoxide for 72 h, the same five patients were exposed to the same standardized paralysis induction procedure. None of them developed any demonstrable symptoms or signs of paralysis. In one the serum potassium dropped to 3.2 mmol/l, but in all the others the levels were higher. The serum glucose level was significant higher (P<0.01), the serum insulin level was significant lower (P<0.01) when induction of paralysis was attempted under diazoxide cover than during the untreated stimulation phase. Three patients were put on prophylactic diazoxide medication. After a few months, without paralytic episodes or other prophylactic drugs, adaptation to the diazoxide occurred and the previous, frequent paralytic episodes returned in unchanged severity. This experimental prophylactic effect of diazoxide supports the hypothesis that the glucose deposition in muscles is a major step in eliciting the parese attacks in FP

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn four patients with periodic hypokalemic paralysis paralytic attacks were induced in the untreated state and later, after the patients had been treated with acetazolamide. There was a distinct, clinically favourable effect of acetazolamide upon the length as well as the severity of paralysis. The maximum fall in serum potassium was less marked during acetazolamide therapy. After treatment all four patients showed significantly reduced serum levels of glucose and insulin during induced attacks of paralysis as compared with the levels obtained during paretic attacks in the untreated state. These findings indicate that the prophylactic effect of this drug does not relate merely to metabolic acidosis. The hypothesis is advanced that the lower serum insulin and glucose levels might represent reduced absorption which would amount to an indirect prophylactic action.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study demonstrates a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes of 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) when the data are expressed as enzymic units per mg hemoglobin and compared to data from normal controls without known family history of demyelinating diseases. Since selenium is an essential part of glutathione peroxidase, this study also compares the topographic differences in selenium availability (expressed as selenium content of forage) with the prevalence and death rates of MS in the USA. The comparison cannot exclude the possibility of a relationship between low selenium content and high prevalence of MS. The data are discussed in relationship to current theories on the pathogenesis of MS.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn 42 gastrectomized patients with low serum B12the vibration perception threshold (VPT) was significantly elevated as compared with a control group. Forty patients were followed up after 6–12 months of intensive vitamin B12therapy. Within an adequately treated group (25 patients) remission of symptoms and signs of peripheral neuropathy was observed, including a statistically significant reduction of the VPT measured on the medial malleolus and big toe. Such a reduction was not observed in the adequately treated group of patients with myelopathy. Findings in the inadequately treated group were less definite, both as regards remission of clinical findings and VPT. In four untreated patients the neurological symptoms and signs progressed during the follow‐up period. On the basis of these findings intensive and long‐lasting treatment with vitamin B12is recommended for gastrectomized patients showing signs of neuro

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of toxic and non‐toxic phenytoin levels on carbohydrate tolerance and insulin levels was studied in 18 patients with epilepsy and 17 control subjects. Toxic levels were defined as a serum level greater than 20 μg/ml. Toxic levels occurred in 11 patients and non‐toxic levels in seven patients. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured at 30‐min intervals for a period of 3 h following the ingestion of 50 g glucose. Blood glucose levels were measured by the ferricyanide method, and serum insulin levels by immunoassay of insulin with insulin antibody precipitate. Serum phenytoin levels were measured by gas liquid chromatography. The insulin profiles were the same for all three groups, but there was a significant delay in reaching peak glucose concentrations in patients with toxic levels of phenytoin. It was therefore confirmed that non‐toxic levels of phenytoin do not affect carbohydrate tolerance or insulin levels when phenytoin is used in the routine treatment of epilepsy, and it has also been shown that toxic levels of phenytoin do not affect carbohydrate tolerance when the high levels are detected at an ear

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecording of the visually evoked scalp potential (VESP) elicited with flash stimulation was completed in six subjects presenting with normal vision. From the four separate signals recorded over the visual cortex, it was concluded that stimulation frequency affects some of the components of the VESP. Accordingly, in studies of the VESP character, the influence of stimulation frequency is a critical factor which must be taken into account when analyzing the resultant activity.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY