摘要:

A new multivariate method, a stepwise cumulative regression analysis, which allows a polychotomous outcome variable was used to analyse a representative population sample of children with epilepsy as adults, after a follow‐up of 30 years from onset of seizures. On follow‐up, 63% of subjects had been in terminal remission for ≫ 3 years and 48% were both seizure‐free and off medication. More than a half (58%) felt completely independent in daily activities and almost as many (57%) were successfully employed. Good communication ability, good intelligence and seizure freedom were significant predictors of a good social com

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a lysosomal storage disorder with reduced life‐span. An analysis of 121 Finnish patients showed that 22 to 78 adults (28%) and one of 43 children (2%) had epileptic seizures. Twelve patients had the onset of attacks after the age of 30 years. Eleven patients had generalized, nine partial and three unclassified seizures. The response to carbamazepine was good. The major interictal EEG abnormality was the attenuation of the amplitude found in 10/27 patients. The brain CT‐scans showed diffuse atrophy in 8/11 patie

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a retrospective study, the occurrence of epileptiform activity (EA) in routine EEG records of epileptic patients was investigated. Data were obtained from 1078 EEGs of 373 patients (199 men and 174 women; aged 17‐87 (mean 34.2 +/‐14.7)). The percentage of 38% of patients with EA in a single EEG could be increased to 77% by repeated records. After the 5th record however, the gain in new information decreased remarkably. No differences between seizure types could be detected. There was a relationship between EA and nonspecific EEG abnormalities. High EA rates were found for short time intervals since last seizure, young patients, long durations of the seizure disorder and for high seizure frequenc

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polyomavirus JC (JCV) has been implicated in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), because it causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a multifocal demyelinating disease with many microscopal similarities to MS. During childhood, the virus establishes a latent infection in the kidneys, which can be reactivated in immunocompromised patients. During reactivation, the virus is shed in the urine. The kidney is the only known site of latent infection and reactivation. Therefore, excretion of the virus in the urine of MS patients is to be expected, if reactivated JCV is involved in the etiology of MS. We studied urine samples of 53 patients with definitive MS and of 53 controls matched for age and sex. We found no evidence of active JCV infection in MS. The hypothesis of a polyomaviral etiology of MS is not supported by the results of this study.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined clinically, immunologically and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In all three patients MRI showed several high‐signal lesions compatible with MS and, additionally, non‐specific small white matter lesions suggesting small vessel occlusion were seen. In CSF the cytoimmunological abnormalities were variable and showed only slight to moderate immunoactivation within the CNS at the time of sampl

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Correlates of the size of infarcts, the time from stroke to death, and the mechanisms of death were studied in 77 consecutive patients who died from infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory. The area of infarcts was assessed by planimetry on schemas of representative brain levels and the results were expressed as a ratio of infarcted area on the whole MCA territory. No clear relationship was found between the size of infarcts in the MCA territory, and any of the characteristics of the patients, but extensive infarcts were more frequent when the internal carotid artery was occluded. No evidence was found of an adverse effect of age, diabetes or initial hyperglycemia on the size of infarcts. The mechanisms of death were not linked to sex, age, high blood pressure, diabetes, blood glucose level at admission, presence and location of an arterial occlusion, or etiology of the infarct. On the contrary, they varied as a function of interval from stroke to death. Transtentorial herniation, the main cerebral cause of death, occured mainly in the first week and was related to the large size of infarcts. Rare recurrences of stroke and frequent extracerebral mechanisms of death (mainly pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and cardiopathy) occurred later on.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From September 1985 to December 1989 a total of 158 patients had primary intracerebral haemorrhage in the population of 116000 in the Jyväskylä Region, Central Finland. All had the diagnosis confirmed by either computerised tomography or necropsy, and information on cigarette smoking habits was available in 155 patients, 20% of whom were current cigarette smokers. One control was selected for each of the 155 patients matched on sex, age, and residence from the census of Central Finland. The odds ratio of primary intracerebral haemorrhage of current cigarette smokers compared with current non‐smokers was estimated on basis of the number of discordant pairs as 1.4 (95% confidence interval 0.7 to 2.8). Adjustment for hypertension or diabetes did not change this estimate. Our data did not show evidence of an positive association of cigarette smoking and risk of primary intracerebral haemorrhage. This assumption was strenghtened when the results of previous studies and the present study were pooled giving an odds ratio of 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 1

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

General autopsy findings, brain weight and brain pathology were studied in 98 men and five women who had been exposed occupationally to organic solvents over several years and assessed by the Danish National Board of Industrial Injuries for chronic toxic encephalopathy. The findings were compared with a forensic control material and a hospital control material. As in the general population, the most common causes of death among the exposed workers were heart failure and other vascular diseases. Due to the composition of the material (forensic cases), the number of suicides and violent deaths was high. Atherosclerosis was the most common CNS finding, but in comparison with the two control materials, no increase in the frequency of atherosclerosis or of Alzheimer's disease was found. Brain weights of the exposed workers corresponded closely to brain weights in the control materials, after correction for body height, body weight and age. Chronic alcoholism was correlated with slightly reduced brain weight.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of continuous intracortical mouse Nerve Growth Factor on fetal rat basal forebrain transplants in denervated adult rat neocortex were investigated. Enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to measure the time course of endogenous NGF protein production in neocortex, hippocampus, and basal forebrain in a cohort of animals receiving unilateral ibotenic acid (IBO) lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM). A second cohort of IBO‐nBM lesioned animals received transplants of fetal basal forebrain followed by two to four weeks of continuous NGF or cytochrome‐C infusion into the ipsilateral frontoparietal neocortex. To study the effects of abnormally high NGF doses on transplanted and host tissue, the cumulative dose of intracortical NGF was on the order of micrograms, compared with maximum picogram levels of neocortical NGF produced following IBO‐nBM lesions. A four‐fold increase in transplant size, and greater cell and fiber densities were observed in NGF‐treated compared with NGF‐untreated transplants. No adverse histological effects of long‐term, high‐dose NGF treatment were observed on transplanted basal forebrain or host neocortical tissue. These data indicate that cholinergic‐rich mammalian brain tissue and intrinsic host tissue can be stimulated by high doses exogenous NGF without obvious

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated central nervous system and psychiatric involvement in a clinical sample of 32 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) (scleroderma). All patients underwent clinical neurological examination.Electroencephalography (EEG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were also recorded. Prominent central nervous system (CNS) or psychiatric symptoms were present in 5 patients (16%), including encephalopathy, psychosis, anxiety disorder, grand mal seizures and transient ischemic attack. In addition, abnormal VEPs were recorded from 5/32 patients (16%), suggesting optic neuropathy. EEGs were mainly normal or showed only slight, nonspecific changes. Primary CNS involvement in scleroderma, however, could not be shown in any of the 5 cases with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Our results suggest that neuropsychiatric symptoms in SSc are, if not coincidental, indirectly caused by internal organ involvement of SSc or by possible overlapping connective tissue diseases. On the other hand, optic neuropathy might be a primary complication of SSc.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY