摘要:

AbstractPrimary cell cultures from fetal rat CNS have been employed to evaluate the effects caused by the addition of serum from patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). MS‐serum supplemented media caused a decrease in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation into the cultures, thus indicating an inhibitory effect on proliferating glial cells. Sera from patients in remission stage of the disease showed an inhibitory effect not significatively lower than those from patients in acute stage. These results suggest that glial cells may be a target of circulating factors present in

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe found a small but statistically significant reduction in the linoleic acid concentration of white blood cells and platelets in MS patients. The percent linoleic acid concentration (mean ± S.D.) in the white blood cells of 24 MS patients was 8.8 ± 1.8% as compared with 11.4 ± 4.9 in 24 age and sex‐matched controls (p<0.05). Platelet levels were 8.5 ± 2.4% and 10.6 ± 3.8% respectively (P<0.05). Serum linoleic acid levels were not significantly different in the two groups. The possible role of linoleic acid in the pathogenesis of MS has yet to be d

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence of a delayed P100 component of the VEP after checkerboard stimulation in probable or possible multiple sclerosis (MS) without history, signs or symptoms of optic neuritis is not significantly different from that found in other neurological disorders in which the visual system is unaffected. This reduces the diagnostic validity of a delayed P100 as evidence of “silent” plaques in the optic pathway, at least in suspected MS. The use of grating increases the VEP sensitivity in the MS group, but it still leaves more than a 30% chance of error in attributing a delayed P100 to a demyelinating disorder. In this respect the discordant behaviour of checkerboard and grating responses may represent a useful c

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRight‐handed patients with right‐sided [17], left‐sided [5]or without brain lesions [4], were tested for their appreciation of pictures of faces and tape‐recorded voices carrying emotional expressions. The right hemisphere group was impaired in relation to the left and normal group. On the auditory test the impaired right‐sided group showed confusion of all emotional categories. On the visual test, the same patients evaluated all emotional qualities to be happy or neutral. It is suggested that different mechanisms explain these findings: one of defective perceptual analysis, prominent in the auditory test, and one of change of mood in an euphoric direction specific to patients suffering damage to the right h

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is the main distal branch of the radial nerve. It innervates most of the extensor muscles of the forearm and contains deep sensory fibres directed to the ligaments and joints of the wrist. The presence of deep sensory fibres allow measurement of sensory conduction (SCV) other than motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) along this nerve. Normal values of motor and sensory conduction along the terminal branches of the radial nerve distal to the elbow are reported. The results accord well with data previously reported.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAutonomically mediated cardiovascular responses were evaluated in 9 patients with Welander distal myopathy and compared to data from an age‐ and sex‐matched control group. The myopathy patients had a normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia and a normal heart rate response to the Valsalva menoeuvre, indicating a normal vagal function. They had a normal initial heart rate response to the orthostatic position, indicating a normal function of the sympathetic nerves. The main difference between the groups was found in the orthostatic position. The myopathy patients reacted with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure and a smaller heart rate increase than the controls. This suggests an altered peripheral vasomotor function, possibly with a more predominant activation of alfa than beta adrenergic receptors leading to vasoconstriction. In addition, a low forearm blood flow at rest and a les pronounced blood flow increase during the isometric handgrip were found in the myopathy patients. This finding could also be explained by proneness to vasoconstriction. It is concluded that patients with Welander distal myopathy have no signs of dysfunction of the peripheral autonomic ner

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractArachidonic acid metabolites are under investigation as possible vasoactive agents involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prostaglandins, as well as other vasoactive compounds, activate contractile proteins through utilization of extracellular binded Ca++to the intracytoplasmic free fraction. Recently, calcium‐antagonists, mainly Nimodipine, have been proposed for the prophylaxis and/or reversal of the ischemic damage caused by vasospasm. Nimodipine failed to reduce vasospasm incidence in a series of 30 patients admitted with diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Nimodipine failed to reduce level of four arachidonate metabolites measured (prostaglandin D2, prostacyclin, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4) in lumbar and cisternal CSF. After subarachnoid hemorrhage there is a significant increase of CSF levels of arachidonate metabolites; in perianeurismic cisterns level of prostalglandin D2, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4 are significantly higher than lumbar CSF levels. Moreover, cisternal CSF level of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 are significantly higher in patients with symptomatic vasospasm. Nimodipine did not significantly modify CFS level of arachidonate metabolites: this suggests that Nimodipine treatment, which definitely improves long‐term results of patients for intracranial aneurysms, could exert its pharmacological action reducing Ca++intake from the extracellular compartment and preventing a direct toxic effect of calcium, without a direct action against the release of vasoactive compou

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven patients with isolated spinal cord symptoms, and with evoked potential (EP) recordings and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings supporting a demyelinating cause for their myelopathy, were examined with cervical and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lesions in the cervical spinal cord were detected in 6 of the patients, including 2 who also had disseminated lesions in the brain compatible with multiple sclerosis (MS). In one patient MRI of the cervical spinal cord was normal, while plaques were seen in the periventricular region of the brain and in the brain stem. Thus, in the 3 patients with cerebral plaques, MRI supported the diagnosis of MS by showing dissemination in space. In the remaining 4 patients MRI provided support for the diagnosis of MS by demonstrating the cervical spinal cord plaques while excluding other potential causes of myelopathy, such as spinal cord compression and intramedullary tumor.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeventy‐eight subjects suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease were studied in 2 separate groups to test the hypothesis that benzhexol affects memory. In study A, 54 subjects were tested by means of a free recall technique; in study B, 24 subjects were given a signal detection memory task. Both studies yielded significant correlations between memory impairment and dosage levels of benzhexol. No correlation was found between memory status and dosage of levodopa, duration of illness or Hamilton depression scores. The implications of these findings are discusse

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn vitronomifensine demonstrates high affinity and specificity for dopamine reuptake sites in the brain. In the present study11C‐nomifensine was administered i.v. in trace amounts (10–50μg) to ketamine anaesthetized Rhesus monkeys (6–10 kg b.w.) and the time‐course of radioactivity within different brain regions was measured by positron emission tomography (PET). Six base‐line experiments lasting for 60–80 min were performed. The procedure was repeated after pretreatment with nomifensine (2–6 mg/kg i.v.), another reuptake inhibitor, mazindol (0,3 mg/kg i.v.), desipramine (0.5 mg/kg i.v) or spiperone (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) before the administration of a second11C‐nomifensine dose. The highest radioactivity uptake was found in the dopamine innervated striatum and the lowest in a region containing the cerebellum, known to be almost devoid of dopaminergic neurons. The difference between striatal and cerebellar uptake of11C‐nomifensine derived radioactivity was markedly reduced after nomifensine and mazindol but not after desipramine and spiperone. These results indicate thatin vivothe striatal uptake of11C‐nomifensine, as measured with PET, involves specific binding with the dopamine reuptake sites. In the first human applications of11C‐nomifensine and PET in a healthy volunteer, the regional uptake of radioactivity was similar to that in base‐line experiments with Rhesus monkeys. In the healthy subject the striatal/cerebellar ratio was 1.6, 50 min after the injection of11C‐nomifensine. In a hemi‐parkinsonian patient this ratio was 1.1 contralaterally and 1.3 ipsilaterally to the affected side.11C‐nomifensine and PET seems to be an auspicious method to measure the striatal dopaminergic

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY