摘要:

The present study addresses the problem of whether brain structures which have been shown to develop neuronal cell damage in recurrent or prolonged epileptic seizures have higher metabolic rates and/or less pronounced increases in blood flow rates than others during sustained seizures. To that end, local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose utilization (CMRgl) were measured autoradiographically in ventilated rats, in which seizures of 20, 60, or 120 min duration were induced by i.v. bicuculline.After 20 and 60 min of seizure activity, local CBF increased 2‐ to 4‐fold in most of the 21 structures analysed. However, there was a marked heterogeneity with CBF values varying between 150% (caudoputamen) and 500% (globus pallidus) of control. After 120 min, CBF in several structures, notably cortical and limbic regions, fell in spite of unchanged blood pressure and continued seizure activity.Changes in local CMRglwere equally heterogenous, and correlated poorly with blood flow rates. Some structures (the cerebral cortices and 3 limbic areas) showed a sustained 2‐4 fold increase in CMRgl. In these, metabolic rate and blood flow wereinititially matched but CBF subsequently fell to yield a pattern ofrelativehypoperfusion. Other structures showed no, or only modrate, increases in CMRgl. In spite of this, CBF increased markedly to yield a pattern of relative hyperemia. It is concluded that bicucullineinduced seizures represent a condition in which structures, observed to be prone to develop cell damage, show grossly enhanced metabolic rate and develop relative underperfusion. Furthermore, the results suggest that structures with a large increase of the metabolic rate during seizures, develop a striking mismatch between local metabolic rate and blood

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After administration of 600 mg of the antiepileptic oxcarbazepine to 7 healthy volunteers, serum and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the next 72 h. Concentrations of 10‐OH‐carbazepine, the main metabolite of oxcarbazepine, were determined by an HPLC method. The time‐concentration curves showed a median Tmaxof 8 h followed by a plateau until 24 h indicating saturable kinetic processes. Based on the curves, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The half‐life of 10‐OH‐carbazepine in saliva, 13.8 ± 3.7 (SD) h, was significantly shorter than in serum, 19.3 ± 6.2 (SD) h. The half‐life of 10‐OH‐carbazepine in serum was inversely correlated to the free fraction, estimated by the ratio saliva/serum concentrations. Calculation of the free fraction by this method showed that 53.1 ± 14.4 (SD) % of 10‐OH‐carbazepine is unbound in serum. There was a good correlation (r= 0.914) between serum and saliva concentrations of 10‐OH‐carbazepine from 8–72 h after administration of oxcarbazepine. This finding indicates that saliva concentrations may prove useful, as has been shown for carbamazepine, in therapeutic monitor

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I has been reported that myelin basic protein (BP) reacts extremely sensitively to peroxide, which is formed when monocytes/macrophages are stimulated to produce a “respiratory burst” (RB). We measured the RB activity by means of chemiluminescence in peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO) of 17 MS patients, 5 patients with a viral infection of the CNS, and 14 control persons. The median of the spontaneous RB activity of MS patients compared with the median of our control group showed a highly significant increase (P= 0.0002). All MS patients examined possessed a clearly increased MO activity. The highest values, however, were found in MS patients in a bout (315%, = 296%). Since a viral infection is discussed as being involved in the pathogenesis of MS, we also examined patients with a viral infection of the CNS, but this group of patients did not show a significant increase (P= 0.34). Our data indicate that MO in MS patients generate and/or secrete an increased amount of unspecific mediators of inflammation. The possibility is discussed that this altered MO function might be caused by an altered reaction of MO in MS patients to a viral infection or superinfect

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentrations of complement factors C3and C4were quantified by single radial immunodiffusion in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum from 38 patients up to 2 months after onset of acute aseptic meningitigs (AM). Elevated absolute concentrations were found in CSF in 26 and 35 patients, respectively, and in serum in 8 and 31, respectively. Elevation of the CSF C3index, equal to (CSF/serum C3):(CSF/serum albumin), and of the corresponding CSF C4index were found in 16 and 7 patients, respectively, as evidence of intrathecal synthesis. Only minor differences of the frequencies of elevated CSF C3and C4indices were encountered over the course of AM up to 2 months after onset. The occurrence of intrathecal C3and C4synthesis in AM is proposed as reflecting activation of hitherto unknown significance within the central nervous system.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The leptomeninges of cats were exposed to lidocaine, metrizamide and methiodal sodïum and compared with control brains exposed to Ringer's solution.As a sign of blood‐brain barrier damage, an increased extravasation of albumin into the cerebral cortex was recorded after exposure to methiodal sodium; lidocaine or metrizamide did not produce such damage.Scanning electron microscopy revealed minor cellular reactions in the mesothelial cells of the leptomeninges after application of metrizamide, lidocaine and Ringer's solution. Methiodal sodium produced an extensive cellular damage of the leptomeningeal cellsThe importance of testing the leptomeningeal reactions and the reactions of the blood‐brain barrier to all liquid media used on the brain surface is emphas

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Latencies to the trapezius (upper and lower portion), serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi and rhomboid muscles were evaluated in 66 subjects. There was a significant relation between latencies and conduction distances to the rhomboid, to the trapezius and to the serraturs anterior muscles but not to the latissimus dorsi muscle, probably due to differences in the organization of the endplate regions in the muscles in question.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most patients with essential tremor experience a transient improvement after ingesting a small amount of alcohol. It has been accordingly suggested that essential tremor patients may have an increased risk of developing alcoholism. In this study, the frequency and amount of alcohol intake of essential tremor patients were found to be largely similar to the drinking habits of a control sample from the general population. This indicates that essential tremor does not generally augment alcohol consumption, nor is it a common cause of alcoholism.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intracellular calcium and freeze fracture plasmalemmal changes of skeletalmuscle cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The evolution of muscle cell necrosis in early stages and in male fetuses at risk U.‐P. KetelsenExperimental mitochondriopathy by electric stimulation of skeletal muscle in rats R. Kleinert, M. Beck‐Simmler and G. F. WalterEnzymhistochemistry in normal pelvic sphincters E. Reske‐Nielsen and H. Daa SchraderEffects of vitamin E deficiency on skeletal muscle in the rat* W. Roggendorf and J. Nelson'Mixed nemaline‐core myopathy with adult‐onset R. J. Seitz. K. V. Toyka and W. WechslerNerve fiber lesions and the consequences interpreted by enzyme histochemistry E. ThomasExperimental thalidomide neuropathy: the morphological correlate of reduced conduction velocity J. M. Schroder and T.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Head injury. Ed. byPoul R. Cooper.Williams and Willum, Baltimore 1982.Topical Reviews in Neurosurgery, vol. 1. Ed. byJ. M. Rice Edwards.Wright, Bristol, 1982.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb05348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY