摘要:

The advances of the past decade particularly in the application of evoked potential techniques and electrophoresis of CSF proteins have improved the accuracy of early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The geographical distribution of the disease, the effect of migration on prevalence, and the existence of clusters suggest that an environmental factor is involved in the aetiològy; it is probably infective. Family and twin studies provide evidence for a genetic contribution which is probably multifactorial and related to immune regulation. The pathogenesis is at least in part immunologically mediated. A rational approach to therapy is difficult. In the present state of knowledge we are unlikely to be able to modify the course of multiple sclerosis by tackling a putative environmental agent. We are more likely to be able to do so by manipulating the pathogenesis, although an effective means of doing so has yet to be defined

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 5 patients with definite or highly probable MS, unusually large hypodense plaques are seen by computerized tomography (CT scan). The active plaques all show enhancement after i.v. contrast medium injection, suggestive of blood‐brain‐barrier‐damage, and differ from the well‐known CT findings in chronic MS patients, causing diagnostic difficulties between glioma and inf

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent investigations on multiple sclerosis (MS) distribution in Italy, based on relatively small population groups, contradict the current thesis, derived from studies undertaken in populations exceeding 300,000, of a lower spreading of the disease in Mediterranean Europe. Intensive surveys on small populations strengthen the suggestion that Italy is a high‐risk area, although MS studies based on prevalence rather than incidence could also be biased by geographic variables making prevalence unsuitable for comparing MS prevalence rates found in different years and/or zones. We report a further epidemiologic study in Barbagia, Sardinia, insular Italy, undertaken both to establish the MS incidence in the last 20 years, and to estimate a new prevalence rate. Based on 31 probable incident cases, the mean incidence per year for the years 1961‐1980 was 2.9 per 100,000 (3.2 if age‐ and sex‐standardized to the Italian population). On October 24, 1981, the prevalence per 100,000 was 65.3 (77.9 if standardized to the Italian population). These results confirm that in Barbagia, MS occurs more frequently than expected in a Mediterranean area, and give further support to the idea that MS frequency in Italy is similar to that established for most central and northern European co

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Visually evoked responses (VERs), CSF IgG/albumin ratio and CSF oligoclonal IgG were examined in 136 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) admitted to hospital for investigation, and compared to the CSF findings in 87 patients with other neurological diseases (OND). 33% of patients with OND had abnormal CSF IgG/albumin ratios but only 9% had CSF oligoclonal IgG banding. In clinically definite MS, VERs were abnormal in 87% and CSF oligoclonal banding was found in 80% of patients, but CSF oligoclonal banding was found significantly more frequently than abnormal VERs in patients with suspected MS. We were unable to show any relationship between benign MS and the absence or presence of CSF oligoclonal IgG. The significance of CSF oligoclonal IgG in the less clinically definite forms of MS will only emerge with prolonged follow‐u

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a non‐randomized controlled study carried out on 238 hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction, anticoagulant treatment (AC) was compared with the natural course in the prevention of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), cerebral infarction, stroke, stroke or death. 137 patients were allocated to AC, mean follow‐up 30.5 months, and 101 patients were allocated to the controls (untreated group), mean follow‐up 25.2 months.There were no statistically significant differences among the patients in the group who had suffered TIA (AC treated group 10.2%, untreated group 5.9%), cerebral infarction (AC treated group 10.2%, untreated group 11.9%), stroke (AC treated group 14.6%, untreated group 12.9%), stroke or death (AC treated group 22.6%, untreated group 19.8%).Minor bleedings occurred significantly more frequently (P<0.01) in the treated group. Severe bleedings occurred in 8 patients in the treated group (5.8%) compared to 1 of the controls (1%).It is concluded from the trial that AC can only seldom be recommended as prophylactic against new strokes in patients with cerebral infarction due to arterial thromboemb

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lattice‐like cytoplasmic inclusions have been demonstrated in a variety of pathologic conditions of the CNS and PNS in both man and animals. We describe 2 types of such inclusions occurring in association with the distal central‐peripheral symmetric polyneuropathy of the spontaneously diabetic BB‐Wistar rat. In the literature, both these lattice‐like inclusions have been referred to as Hirano‐bodies, but have not been separated on the basis of different measurements, locations or possibl

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐specific ECG changes and histological changes in the myocardium in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) have been described. In this study, the left ventricular function using systolic time intervals (STI) was assessed in patients with MG. 4 patients out of the 10 studied showed abnormalities of the STI which reverted towards normal after injection of neostigmine. This finding suggests that myocardial involvement in MG may be more common than clinically suspecte

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We describe the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of syringomyelia in 12 patients for whom the diagnosis had remained unconfirmed with other diagnostic methods. In 7 of these patients, CT myelography revealed an intramedullary cavitation filled with contrast medium. In 3 patients, the cavitation was not filled, and positive contrast medium was not used in another 2. In these 5 cases, however, CT visualized low‐density areas within the cord. CT would seem to be the most preferable method for confirming the clinical diagnosis of syringomyelia and is particularly useful in atypical case

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Development of the autonomic nervous system. Ed. by K. Elliot&G. Lawrenson.W. Birkmayer&P. Riederer: Parkinson's disease.J. Hyvärinen: The parietal cortex of monkey and man

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY