摘要:

ABSTRACT—Elevated (<2.2 mg/l) CSF β‐2‐microglobulin (β2m) level was found in 9 of 16 neurologically symptomatic patients but in only 4 of 21 who were neurologically symptom‐free (P<0.01). Serum β2m concentration was elevated (<2.5 mg/l) in 12 of 16 neurologically symptomatic patients but in only 8 of 21 symptom‐free patients (P<0.01). When the CSF and serum β2m levels were related to various stages of HIV infection, the highest mean values for both CSF and serum were found in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), followed by lower values in AIDS‐related complex (ARC), lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), and asymptomatic seropositive individuals (ASX), in decreasing order of preference. Our results suggest that elevated β2m in CSF and serum is related to the stage of general HIV infection and that elevated CSF β2m in the presence of intact BBB may be useful in evaluating CNS involvement in HIV

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Anti‐thymus microsome antibodies and anti‐skeletal muscle microsome antibodies in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were analyzed by means of immunoblotting, which was performed after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of antigens to clarify the pathogenic role of the thymus in MG. Antithymus microsome antibodies were detected in 15 of the 20 cases of MG examined. The detection frequency (75%) was significantly higher than the corresponding frequency determined for antimuscle microsome antibodies (35%) in the same group of patients. Thymic antigens with a molecular weight of 38 kilodaltons (KD), 60 KD and 220 KD were often recognized by antibodies in sera from MG patients studied here. The antithymus microsome antibodies were not crossreactive with either thymic acetylcholine receptors or lymphocyte surfaces. These findings indicated that the specific antibodies were produced to the thymic microsomal fraction, and its frequency was higher than has been suspected in MG pat

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Three scales, assessing the degree of brain impairment after severe blunt head injury in neurophysical and neuropsychological functions as well as overall organic functioning, are described. A consecutive series of 100 severe blunt head injured patients was followed up 6 years post‐trauma and the scales were used to measure the residual impairments and determine the level of recovery for 82 subjects in the series. No subject made a complete neurophysical and neuropsychological recovery, 92% of the series was classified as suffering clinically significant impairments and in half the series the moderate or severe impairments were consistent with a poor level of recovery. The impairments of a large proportion (42%) of the series, however, were classified as mild. Although most subjects demonstrated impairments in both neurophysical and neuropsychological functions, 43% of the series suffered isolated impairments in either the neurophysical or neuropsychological areas. There was strong agreement between the overall organic impairment profile and the subjects’ classifications on the Glasgow Outcome

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sensory evoked potentials were studied in 15 patients with Wilson's disease. Thirteen patients were investigated with pattern reversal visual stimulation. A prolonged P 100 latency of the VEP was present in 7 patients. Brain stem auditory responses were evoked in 12 patients. Prolongation of III‐V and I‐V interpeak latency was found in 8 patients. The evoked potential studies demonstrated subclinical disturbances in optic and caudal brainstem auditory pathways. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the role of these techniques in monitoring the therapy of newly diagnosed

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Lupus anticoagulant was found in the plasma of 4 patients who presented with late‐onset epileptic seizures. Three of the patients had clinical or electroencephalographic evidence of focality. No significant cerebral pathological findings were detected by the computed tomogram except for an old infarction in one case. None of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus crythematosus. The relationship between late‐onset seizures and the presence of lupus anticoagulant is discussed. The possible etiology of an ischemic episode due to hypercoagulability, expressed uniquely by seizures, is sugg

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Two patients with legs tremor present on standing, but none on walking or sitting, are reported. Tremor was not exclusive of orthostatism and was also evoked by strong tonic contraction of leg muscles. Synchronous EMG bursts were recorded in antagonistic muscle groups at 8‐10 Hz in the first patient and at 16 Hz in the second. EMG activity was synchronous in corresponding muscles of both legs. The occurrence of EMG activity was not influenced by stimulation of nerve afferent fibers. We suggest that this movement disorder may be an exaggeration of physiological tremor due to synchronization of motor units by spontaneous oscillations in central structu

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features were evaluated in a consecutive series of 50 infants with complex partial seizures. The age of onset of seizures showed a peak at age of 2 months. Significant developmental delay was seen in 60% of the infants. In 92% an underlying aetiological factor could be identified. Birth asphyxia was the commonest aetiological factor (30%). The seizure patterns were most frequently described as behavioural arrest, upward deviation of eyes, tonic posturing of the limbs, apnoea and cyanosis. Interictal EEG showed bilateral temporal lobe foci in 22%, unilateral foci in 78% and multiple foci in 46% of the cases. The response of the seizures to anticonvulsant drugs is discusse

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Flunarizine was compared to placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over trial of 2 16‐week treatment periods separated by a 4‐week wash‐out period. The patients had epilepsy with complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalised seizures. Twenty‐nine patients entered the trial, but 7 dropped out. Of the 22 patients completing the trial, 13 were women; the median was 39 years (range 15‐58) and the median duration of epilepsy 23 years (range 4‐55). There was no statistically significant difference between flunarizine 15 mg daily and placebo as adjunct therapy in total seizure frequency, neuropsychological tests, and patient's preferences. No interactions with concomitant antiepileptic drugs and no laboratory abnormalitie

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Seven patients with supratentorial gliomas developed leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LMG) without symptomatic recurrence at the primary tumor site. In all, severe back and radicular pain, often simulating disc disease, preceded the development of spinal cord or cauda equina dysfunction. In 4 instances, intracranial hypertension due to hydrocephalus developed prior to spinal involvement. Cytological examination of the CSF revealed malignant cells in only 2/7 but a myelogram was diagnostic in all 7. All patients received spinal irradiation (RT) and 5 received chemotherapy. Two patients with low‐grade gliomas improved transiently; 5 with malignant gliomas responded poorly, became paraplegic over 4 months and eventually died of LMG. When fatal LMG occurs in young adults suffering from supratentorial glioma, the primary tumor is often quiescent. Hydrocephalus is often the first manifestation of LMG and, when it is detected, a myelogram and CSF cytology study should be performed in the hope that diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord lesions at a very early stage will prove beneficial. Irradiation of the entire spinal canal is probably required as there is a high risk of rapid development of new lesions in non irradiated segments of the spinal ca

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Twenty‐four male patients, all homosexual except one, with asymptomatic HIV‐infection were studied. The patients had no signs of opportunistic CNS‐infections but 6 had been treated for syphilis. The patients were tested with auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry and with oculomotor tests (saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements). The ABR‐recordings were pathological in 38% of the cases and the oculomotor tests in 50% of the cases. Abnormality of either one or of both methods were seen in 67% of the patients tested. The duration of the HIV‐infection had no influence on the test results. The abnormal otoneurological tests indicate that occult CNS‐dysfunction is a frequent finding in asymptomatic HIV‐po

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY