摘要:

In this study the regional cerebral glucose utilization and the neuropsychological performance of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was investigated. Special attention was given to neuropsychological tests thought to mirror frontal lobe dysfunction. The regional cerebral glucose utilization was studied in 18 patients using high‐resolution positron emission tomography. Clinically all patients displayed upper and lower motor neurone signs. In ALS patients glucose metabolism was significantly reduced in the frontal and in the entire cortex compared with controls; no changes were seen in the cerebellum. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of ALS patients compared to a pair matched control group revealed mild frontal dysfunction which in part significantly correlated with reduced glucose metabolism in the cortex and subcortical structures. We conclude that in patients with ALS, glucose consumption is decreased in parts of the brain other than the motor cortex accompanied by mild neuropsychological deficits based on the tests employed in this stud

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Population studies suggest that seizures occur in chronic alcoholics as an effect of ethanol withdrawal or ethanol toxicity. Our own studies of individuals undergoing inpatient alcohol detoxification revealed a correlation between the number of detoxifications conducted and the probability that the individual will have a seizure disorder. To establish the basis for this association we studied drinking histories, drug use, and related characteristics of 500 individuals, 83 of whom were women, who enrolled in an inpatient detoxification program. Discriminant analyses revealed a direct correlation between average daily alcohol consumption and the prevalence of seizures in the alcoholic individuals studied. This correlation was significant, but it was not as strong as that between seizure prevalence and the number of times an individual underwent inpatient detoxification. This data supports the hypothesis that seizures occur in alcoholics because of a long‐term kindling effect of recurrent detoxifications and a more short‐term effect of ethanol expos

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cerebral uptake and utilization of levodopa was measured in eight patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) by [β‐11C]‐L‐DOPA and positron emission tomography (PET). By adding pharmacological doses of unlabelled levodopa to the radioactive solution it was possible to evaluate the clinical effect simultaneously with the cerebral kinetics of the drug. Additionally, in two of the patients with advanced PD, investigations with the dopamine re‐uptake blocker [11C]‐(+)‐nomifensine and PET were carried out to get a measure of the density of striatal dopaminergic nerve‐terminals. The brain uptake of [β‐11C]‐L‐DOPA was inversely correlated to the sum of large neutral amino acids in plasma. In the eight PD patients studied with [β‐11C]‐L‐DOPA striatal k3, which reflects the ability for striatal tissue to decarboxylate the tracer by the action of aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), was decreased 35% compared to healthy subjects. It was demonstrated that, in the patients with advanced PD and motor fluctuations on oral L‐DOPA medication, reversal of parkinsonian symptoms occurred at very low striatal tissue dopamine concentrations. In the two very advanced patients studied with [11C]‐(+)‐nomifensine the striatal b

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The myelin‐associated glycosphingolipid sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated in 20 patients with vascular dementia (VAD), 43 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 age‐matched controls. The sulfatide concentration in the VAD group (307 ± 118 nmol/l) was significantly (pmean + 2 S.D.), as compared with controls, while only 2/43 of the AD patients had a sulfatide concentration above this level. It is suggested that the elevated concentration of sulfatide in CSF from VAD patients reflects demyelination. Furthermore, sulfatide determinations, when combined with clinical findings, may be of diagnostic value, for discriminating between VAD

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The monthly distribution of births of people who were later diagnosed with multiple sclerosis differed significantly from that of the general population in Denmark. The multiple sclerosis patients had an excess of births in March, April, May, and June, and fewer in the other months. Infection was suggested as a possible explanation.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have observed 9 patients (8 men and 1 woman), 58 to 77 years of age with neuropathy with only sensory symptoms and insidious onset. Five of them (4 men and 1 woman) aged 65 to 77 years, had normal serum electrophoretic profiles, while the others (all men), 58 to 74 years, had IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Clinical data were consistent with a sensory neuropathy affecting predominantly the kinesthetic sense (position and vibration sensation). The electrophysiological data indicated predominant sensory axonal neuropathy. Morphological data confirmed the primary axonal damage. Western immunoblot showed that the IgG from a patient without MGUS reacted with a 55 kD protein of dorsal root ganglion homogenate. Three of four patients with IgM MGUS were serum reactive against chondroitin sulfate C (ChS‐C) in double immunodiffusion. After absorption with ChS‐C the monoclonal peak completely disappeared from two patients and was decreased in the third patient. Our data indicate that immunological abnormalities are part of the pathogenesis for a subgroup of chronic neuropathy with only sensory sympt

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is much controversy about whether the persistence of postconcussive symptoms (PCS) in mild head injured patients (MHI) is related to the presence of cognitive deficits. Most studies performed so far have relied on normal non‐concussed control subjects rather than directly comparing patients with and without PCS following MHI. In addition, subtle cognitive deficits may be present in MHI patients that are demonstrable only with more demanding cognitive tasks. In the present study the Stroop Color Word Interference Test together with a more demanding modified interference subtask was administered to two groups of patients with uncomplicated MHI 10 days, 5 weeks and 3 months after the injury. Ten patients with persistent symptoms at 3 months were selected and individually matched with MHI patients who had initially reported symptoms but who had recovered by 3 months. The scores of the two retrospectively defined groups were compared at the different time points. Between‐subjects analysis revealed overall differences for both the original and modified color word interference subtask. Within‐subject analysis indicated that only the recovery rate in the modified interference subtask was significantly different between the two groups. The observation that there was a parallel trend between recovery and persistence of PCS and performance on the cognitive interference measures supports the notion that there is a functional relationship between these two phen

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Levels of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) in blood from patients with ischemic stroke were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using 2 ml of blood as a starting material, PAF was detected in 11 out of 17 stroke patients and 3 of 25 age‐matched healthy controls. This implies that blood level of PAF is higher in stroke patients than in controls. Plasma levels of PAF‐like lipid(s) (PAF‐LL) were also estimated in the same subjects by a bioassay based on aggregation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. PAF‐LL was detected in plasma samples of all subjects and the average values in patients and controls were 294 ± 211 pg/ml and 140 ± 122 pg/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two values (p<0.01). Separation of plasma lipids by HPLC gave a single peak in bioassay, which had the same elution volume as authentic PAF. When each fraction was subjected to RIA, the fractions corresponded to phosphatidylcholine (PC) or lysoPC also showed the immunoreactivity, however, the purification procedure using an octadecylsilica gel cartridge eliminated such cross‐reacting compounds. We conclude that blood PAF is higher in patients with ischemic stroke than in healthy subjects. Besides, there may be bioactive phospholipid molecules other than PAF, which level in plasma is also higher in st

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adult rats which received repeated electroshock convulsions (ESCs) during postnatal development underwent electrical kindling of the amygdala (AM) and hippocampus (HIPP). Completion of kindling, especially AM kindling, was significantly faster in the groups with ESCs from the neonatal to late infantile age than in the control group. It is discussed that especially the late infantile age in the postnatal development was supposed to play an important role in the faster kindling brought about by postnatal convulsions and that the faster kindling was due in part to abbreviation of the partial seizure process. However, the neonatal ESC group showed significantly delayed completion of HIPP kindling.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dapsone, an antileprosy drug, was administered to rats with amygdala (AM)‐kindled seizures or hippocampal (HIPP)‐kindled seizures to elucidate its anticonvulsive efficacy. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to kindling stimulations 2 weeks after electrode‐implantation. The subjects were tested once a day for 7 successive days after inducing three generalized (stage 5) seizures to study the effects of dapsone. Dapsone had an inhibitory effect on stage 5 seizures at 12.50 mg/kg in the AM‐kindled rats and at 6.25 mg/kg and 9.375 mg/kg in the HIPP‐kindled rats. Thus, there was a distinct difference in the effective dose for generalized seizures between the AM‐kindled rats and the HIPP‐kindled rats. The inhibitory action of dapsone on stage 5 seizures may be due mainly to the elevation of the afterdischarge‐triggering threshold at the stimulation site of the AM or HIPP. Such inhibitory action appears prominently at serum concentrations of about 13 μg/ml in AM‐kindled rats and about 6 μg/ml in HIPP‐kindled rats. The level of 6 μg/ml almost equals the therapeutic serum concentration of dapsone used in th

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY