摘要:

A B‐lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) of polyclonal origin was isolated from a 30‐year‐old male patient with a chronic progressive myelopathy clinically resembling multiple sclerosis (MS). The LCL expresses Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) encoded proteins and on transmission electron microscopy (EM) the LCL was shown to produce both EBV particles and retrovirus‐like particles spontaneously. The LCL was negative for human retrovirus (HIV‐I and HTLV‐I) sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore the patient was seronegative to these retroviruses including HTLV‐II and HIV‐II. We, therefore, suggest that the LCL is double‐infected with EBV and a hitherto uncharacterized human retrovirus. The possible implications of these two viruses on development of dis

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Soluble interleukin‐2 receptors (sIL‐2‐R) were determined longitudinally in sera from 59 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), from 20 patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and from patients with other non‐inflammatory disorders of the nervous system, as well as in 147 CSF samples collected for diagnostic purposes. Significantly increased serum levels of sIL2‐R were observed early in the course of GBS and in progressive (relapsing or chronic) MS, but not in patients with clinically stable MS or with an acute relapse followed by complete remission. CSF levels were high in infections of the central nervous system and in meningeal carcinomatosis, as a result of an intrathecal production, but were normal in GBS and in most (94%)

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of asymptomatic HIV‐infected patients (CDC II and III) was followed‐up over a two year period with semi‐annual neuropsychological testing. Of the total sample of 36 subjects, all were retested at test two (T2), 19 at test three (T3) and 13 at test four (T4). A subgroup of subjects was further tested on a simple and a complex task of reaction time. The CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocyte counts were measured in peripheral blood. According to our criteria, no patient could be defined as neuropsychologically impaired. A significant improvement in performance was found from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3, with a leveling off between T3 and T4. No associations were observed between reaction time and changes in neuropsychological test results and immunological parameters. Our results indicate that neuropsychological impairment does not develope gradually in the asymptomatic stages of HIV‐infection. Furthermore, measurements of reaction time do not seem to have any prognostic significance neither for neurocognitive function nor for immunological status as measure

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We examined cognitive performance in 72 HIV‐1 infected patients and 34 controls. None of the patients had opportunistic infections or unusual neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS). Factors other than HIV‐1 known to cause cognitive decline were excluded from both groups. Cognitive functioning analysed with special emphasis on the severity of HIV infection was related to neuroradiological and immunological findings. In patients with AIDS‐related complex (CDC IVa) or AIDS (CDC IVc,d), a deterioration of memory as well as cognitive speed and flexibility was detected. Furthermore, memory deficits were associated with central cerebral and infratentorial atrophy in those patients, while no association was found between cognitive deficits and immunological abnormalities. Patients at CDC stages II or III showed slight association between altered cognitive speed and flexibility and elevated leukocyte count, suggesting a subclinical CNS disease already at early stages of HIV infe

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective study including myelography, CT, and MRI was performed on 36 patients with clinical signs of myelopathy. Evoked potentials and spinal fluid examinations were also carried out. Based on our findings, the patients could be classified as suffering from cryptogenic myelopathy (n = 12), multiple sclerosis (n = 6), spinal stenosis (n = 6), or miscellaneous myelopathies (n = 12). The diameter of the spinal cord was normal in the 2 first groups of patients and of same magnitude evaluated by myelography and CT, while MRI constantly gave higher figures. In only four of the patients important new information was added by CT and MRI (syringomyelia, myelitis, lipomatosis) compared with myelography, although a more precise visualization was often provided. Further diagnostic progress in patients with myelopathy of undetermined etiology may be obtained by including supplementary MRI of the brain disclosing multiple sclerosis in several cases.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acute neuropsychological changes due to high altitude climbing without supplementary oxygen are well known. However, many climbers report vague symptoms of brain dysfunction after return to sea level suggesting that long‐lasting neuropsychological impairment may ensue even after a single ascent. In this study we evaluated a series of neuropsychological functions in a group of 11 climbers who ascended over 5000 m. Besides memory, also reaction time and concentration were less efficient when the climbers were evaluated 75 days after their return to sea level, confirming that even a single high altitude climb may be harmful for central nervous system function

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Helsinki Aging Study is based on a random sample of 795 subjects aged 75‐years (N = 274), 80‐years (N = 266) and 85‐years (N = 255). A clinical examination including Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)‐scale was carried out in 82% of the cases. 93 demented subjects were found, 17 of whom had mild dementia. The prevalence of moderate and severe dementia was 2.9%, 10.3% and 23.3% in the age groups of 75‐year‐olds, 80‐year‐olds and 85‐year‐olds, respectively. If we take into account also the mild cases, we get the prevalence of dementia 4.6%, 13.1% and 26.7% in the above mentioned age groups, respectively. The proportion of mild dementias was lower than expected, which probably reflects both the difficulties to recognize mild dementia in an elderly population and the relatively small compensatory capacit

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ESPS was a multicenter study comparing the effect of the combination of dipyridamole 75 mg and acetylsalicylic acid 330 mg t.i.d. to placebo in 2500 patients (intention‐to‐treat analysis) and 1861 patients (explanatory analysis) in the secondary prevention of stroke or death after one or more attacks of TIA, RIND or stroke of atherothrombotic origin. End‐point reduction was evaluated in two age groups, those not older than 65 years (1358 patients) and those who were older than 65 years (1142 patients). End‐point reduction was significantly greater in patients with active therapy than in the placebo group in both age groups. Subgroup analyses with stroke as an end‐point indicated that younger patients with TIA (≪ 65 years) had lower risk of stroke than those>65 years or patients with stroke. The overall risk reduction was best in TIA patients>65 years of age. The risk reduction with study medication was 40–50% in both sexes and in both age groups. Thus, age of the patient does not influence the efficacy of antithrombotic therapy. However, since these results are obtained from a secondary analysis of a subgroup of patients, the results may need confirmation by fu

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 13 patients who experienced transient global amnesia (TGA), quantified electroencephalographic (qEEG) records were carried out within 1 week of the episodes, and compared with those in 13 cases with cerebral transient ischemic attacks (TIA), and 13 normal controls, matched for age and sex. A statistical comparison of the absolute power showed few differences between TGA and TIA patients, and many statistical differences between TGA patients and controls. The qEEG pattern reveales an involvement of the temporo‐parietal structures in TGA patients. These findings suggest the presence of subclinical sequelae, after the TGA attac

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since discrimination between myopathy and neuropathy may be difficult it seemed reasonable to investigate the possibility of assessment of these disorders by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and children with the juvenile type of spinal muscular atrophy were selected for the study and compared to healthy volunteers. Measurements were performed on a small Bruker imaging system operating at 2.35 T, and T1weighed images on the lower extremities were recorded. Images obtained on the diseased extremities could be clearly distinguished from the images from healthy children. Furthermore, preferential involvement of fast muscles in patients with muscular dystrophy, and differences in distribution of fatty degeneration of muscles enable reliable discrimination between muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY