摘要:

ABSTRACTEEG, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and neuropathological autopsy data were studied in 17 patients with presenile dementia. RCBF was measured in 14 cases using the intra‐arterial‐133‐Xenon clearance technique. The neuropathological study included semi‐serial whole brain microscopical sections in which the severity and regional distribution of the neuronal degeneration was studied, particularly in the cortex and the brain stem. There were two main diagnostic groups, seven cases of Alzheimer's disease and five cases with a cortical atrophy of the Pick (DFT) type. Both groups showed fronto‐temporal cortical degeneration. In addition the Alzheimer group showed severe postcentral and posterior‐temporal loss of neurons. There were also three cases with degenerative changes, suggesting Jacob‐Creutzfeldt's disease. The Alzheimer cases had EEG abnormalities which progressed slowly. In contrast, the Pick (DFT) patients had normal EEGs which remained so even late in the course when the signs of dementia were marked. A positive correlation between rCBF reduction in postcentral areas (as evidence of neuronal loss in these regions) and an increase of EEG abnormality could be established. Degenerative changes confined to frontal and anterior‐temporal cortical regions with concomitant flow reduction, on the other hand, appeared to leave the alpha rhythm essentially undisturbed. Finally, the relationship between bifrontal delta‐episodes in EEG and neuropathological evidence of brain stem lesi

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSeven polyols, erythritol, arabinitol, anhydroflucitol, mannitol, sorbitol, myoinositol and possibly ribitol were identified in human cerebrospinal fluid by means of gas‐liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantitative data were obtained for five polyols, arabinitol, anhydroglucitol, mannitol, sorbitol and myoinositol, by screening of 205 CSF samples. These five polyols represented 90–95 per cent of the polyol‐concentration which was 340 ± 105 μmol/l in the total series. The concentration of polyols in the CSF was two times higher than that in the plasma (148 ± 30 μmol/l), where only anhydroglucitol and myoinositol could be quantitated. The variations noted were not associated with age, sex or the plasma concentrations of polyols. The polyols of the CSF most likely originate from brain tissue and/or spinal cord since penetration from the plasma against a gradient seems

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive polyols, arabinitol, anhydroglucitol, mannitol, sorbitol and myoinositol, normally present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were studied. Quantitative gas‐liquid chromatographic analysis of 211 CSF and 112 plasma samples indicated significantly altered concentrations in several clinical conditions. All five polyos were decreased in the CSF of patients suffering from meningitis, cerebral atrophy, sepsis, and in patients receiving intrathecal cytostate therapy. Equilibration between plasma and CSF may explain the changes in sepsis and meningitis, while decreased total number of functioning cells may cause the decrease in cerebral atrophy. Intrathecal cytostates seem to have a destroying effect on the cell metabolism of the central nervous system. Renal failure causes accumulation of polyols in the plasma. Alterations in the metabolism of sorbitol, myoinositol and anhydroglucitol seem to be present in diabetes. The plasma concentration of anhydroglucitol is decreased in renal failur

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo patients with maysthenic syndrome apparently not associated with carcinoma were studied in detail with repetitive stimulation of motor nerves, single fibre electromyography and histology. One patient showed signs of widespread autonomic dysfunction and the other patient had multifocal CNS symptoms of unclear etiology. Both cases showed a marked improvement with guanidine treatment which could be documented by the electrophysiological investigations. Due to severe adverse effects of the guanidine treatment on kidney, pancreatic and bone marrow functions the drug had to be withdrawn. Edrophonium given intravenously caused a marked and longlasting improvement of the muscle weakness and of the neurophysiological parameters. The mechanism of action is suggested to be different from that seen in myasthenia gravis. Single fibre electromyography showed a marked increase of neuromuscular jitter and blockings which decreased with increasing innervation frequency. The morphological study showed a selective affection of type II (fast twitch) fibres, a finding which is suggested to be secondary to an impaired neuromuscular transmission in the type II motor units.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo study the correlation between single fibre EMG jitter and endplate potential amplitude we examined neuromuscular transmission in rats paralysed with botulinum toxin type A with single fibre EMG (SFEMG)in vivoand with intracellular microelectrode techniquesin vitro.In muscles that were not completely paralysed SFEMG showed an increased neuromuscular jitter on nerve stimulation and in these muscles endplate potentials were of reduced amplitude. When the nerve stimulation frequency increased the jitter decreased. Intravenous injection of drugs that increase the acetylcholine release and endplate potential amplitude markedly reduced the jitter and the frequency dependence disappeared.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from 50 neurological patients, 26 of whom suffered from multiple sclerosis (MS). Agar gel electrophoresis and determination of anti‐measles antibody titre were performed on the CSF samples. The frequency of elevated measles antibody titre was higher among the MS patients than among the patients with other neurological diseases. Furthermore, oligoclonal IgG in CSF occurred more often among the MS patients than among the other neurological patients. An association between high measles antibody titre and the presence of oligoclonal IgG was observed in CSF from both the MS patients and the patients with other neurological diseases. However, the nature of the correlation between occurrence of oligoclonal IgG and high measles antibody titre remains to be explaine

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDisability and progression in Parkinson's disease prior to levodopa treatment was investigated in a random group of 442 patients representing 91 per cent of all known cases with Parkinson's disease in a defined area. Almost half the patients were totally independent, 27 per cent needed help occasionally, and 25 per cent were dependent on other people. Ten per cent of the patients had only unilateral symptoms, 57 per cent had bilateral involvement with mild disability, 20 per cent had a moderately advanced disease, and 13 per cent were severely disabled. A great variation was found in progression rates. In individual cases, however, the progression rate seemed to be relatively fixed. Concurrent arteriosclerosis was found to worsen the prognosis, whereas the beginning of the disease with tremor and the occurrence of prominent tremor promised a slower progression. Twenty‐six patients with only unilateral symptoms 10 years after onset of the disease were found to correspond to postencephalitic patients in age structure, and in such cases a history of preceeding viral infection of the central nervous system was observed on four occasion

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of linoleic acid on the electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells from both MS patients and normal subjects was studied. An extensive statistical evaluation of the data clearly demonstrated that there was no difference in behaviour of red blood cells from patients and normal subjects in the presence of linoleic acid. Even a tendency for the mobility of erythrocytes to be decreased in patients and increased in normal subjects after addition of linoleic acid was not observable.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSerum IgG antibody levels against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 subunit (capsid, envelope, and excreted) antigens detected with radio‐immunoassay were compared in 25 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and their age‐ and sex‐matched controls. No significant differences were found between the patients and controls, either in the distribution of the antibody titers or in the mean titers against any of the subunit antigens tested. In 6 patients HSV antibody titers were tested before and after trigeminal root section; no significant changes were obs

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty migraine patients received oxprenolol (Trasicor ®), which is an adrenergic beta‐receptor blocking agent with weak beta‐stimulating intrinsic activity. The dosage was 80 mg three times a day. The treatment was given by a double blind cross‐over technique in which the effect was compared with placebo. Each compound was administered for 8 weeks with an intermediate week without medication (wash‐out). Oxprenolol had no significant effects in the prevention of migraine attacks. Our study lends further support to the assumption that differences may exist between different beta‐receptor blocking agents in their effectiveness in migraine p

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb01423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY