摘要:

Data extracted from 29 reported series of cases were analyzed for the purpose of assessing the contribution of each hemisphere to the handling of language in left‐handers (including ambidexters), impure right‐handers (right‐handers with personal or familial traits of left‐handedness) and pure right‐handers (right‐handers without such traits). It was concluded that the representation of language in the two hemispheres varies over a continuous spectrum, from strict left‐brainedness, through various degrees of ambilaterality (favoring one or the other hemisphere), to strict right‐brainedness. Calculations based on the data led to estimates of (a) the percentage of subjects that will become aphasic following lesions of the left, the right or either hemisphere, and (b) the percentage of subjects that will be able to compensate, partially or completely, with the remaining hemisphere. All numerical results obtained were accounted for by a simple anatomical model based on estimates of (a) the frequency distribution of the subjects with regard to the percentage of a language area occupying each hemisphere, according to handedness, and (b) the percentage of a language area that must be destroyed so that aphasia will appear, and the percentage that must be spared so that partial improvement or total reco

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By means of age specific incidence and death rates for MS, plus age specific death rates all causes, the risk of multiple sclerosis in Denmark has been calculated with a modified life‐table method. the cumulative lifetime risk of MS from birth is estimated at 201 per 100,000 (180 in males and 223 in females) ‐ or one chance in 500. the cumulative risk remains about the same from birth until age 25 when it begins to decline toward 0 which is reached at age 60.Period cumulative risks from various ages and for periods ranging from 5 to 30 years were also calculated. Thus, at age 20, the risk of MS within 10 years is 74 per 100,000 and within twenty years, 142, for both sexes combined.With the likely equivalence of the duration of the illness throughout the world, and with little major variation expected for most regions for death rates, all causes, within the ages of concern, we may then estimate the risk of MS for parts of the world considered as high frequency MS (like Denmark), medium frequency (like Italy), or low frequency (like Japan). By applying to these regions the factors of 1.0, 0.3, and 0.04 respectively, as reflecting the ratios of their likely prevalence rates, the cumulative lifetime and period risks may be approximated from the Danish data. Thus in 20 years, a group of 100,000 Japanese migrating to Denmark at age 10 would be expected to contain 4 MS if they retained the low risk of their homeland, as opposed to 92 MS if they acquired the high risk of Denm

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Out of a data pool of 1271 patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) a total of 109 cases are selected having a sole spinal symptomatology throughout the course of the disease. This group differs in three particular features from the non‐spinal forms of MS: In this group there is a higher percentage of females, the age at onset of the disease is higher, and the course of the disease is more often chronic progressive from the beginning.After the mean duration of 11 years, the spinal and the non‐spinal cases show the same grade of disability. the ability to work is slightly better for spinal cases; office workers are able to keep their jobs longer after the onset to the disease than patients with any other occupation. the spinal form of MS is discussed in respect to its relationship to the classical form of MS and as a differential diagnosis to other spinal proces

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02832.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cerebrovascular response to arterial hypoxia was studied during blockade of the vascular dopamine receptors and during alpha‐adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade in anaesthetized dogs. Dopamine‐receptor blockade with pimozide or haloperidol invariably decreased the degree of hypoxic vasodilatation in the brain pointing to a functional role of dopamine in this situation. Alpha‐receptor blockade did not change the response, while stimulation of these receptors decreased the dilatory response even in deep arterial hy

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Case histories and muscle biopsy findings are reported of two members of a family suffering from hypokalaemic periodic paralysis associated with permanent muscular weakness. the first patient aged 9 years, as well as her affected sibs, gives a history of a slight and slowly progressing impairment from early childhood on. At the age of 8 she exhibited slightly reduced muscle strength occasionally in the morning, with a frank paralytic attack only on two occasions. Physical examination revealed slight proximal muscle weakness, predominantly in the legs. Light microscopic examination as well as ultrastructural analysis of the biopsy revealed large vacuoles in many muscle fibres, mostly containing glycogen. the second patient, a man aged 18 years, never experienced a paralytic attack nor any fluctuation in muscle strength. Though his muscular strength was sligthly below expectation, no frank paresis could be detected on examination. the EMG revealed no abnormalities except for slight myopathic changes bilaterally in the adductor magnus. Light microscopic examination of the muscle biopsy showed no pathological changes. Accumulations of glycogen and secondary atrophy and disappearance of muscle fibrils were seen with the electronmicroscope.These observations demonstrate that in this family, myopathic histological changes do not result from paralytic attacks.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amphetamine produces protein leakage in the brain when given to rats under nitrous oxide anesthesia. the blood‐brain barrier dysfunction is caused by the combined effect of blood pressure increase and vasodilatation. In the present experiments pretreatment with dexamethasone, 2 mg. kg‐1, diminished the amphetamine‐induced extravasation of Evans blue albumin and125IHSA in the rats' brain. Possible explanations to the effect of dexamethasone on cerebrovascular permeability are disc

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors present a review of their clinical experience in the treatment of 127 Parkinsonian patients with L‐Dopa alone and in association with a Dopa‐decarboxylase inhibitor; the follow‐up lasted more than 7 years.In all cases the dosages of L‐Dopa, either alone or associated with the decarboxylase inhibitor, were fairly low; the strategy was to reach in each case the minimal effective dose instead of the maximal tolerable one.After 7 years of treatment about 60–65 % of the patients had shown improvement, even though to a lesser degree than during the first and second year of therapy; the remaining 35–40 % were unchanged or worse.The authors conclude that, despite the decreased efficacy of the therapy with time, the L‐Dopa treatment remains of great significance in lengthening and in improving the quality of life of Parkinso

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The epidemiology of spina bifida has great geographical variation. A small unselected group of patients were registered as part of a pilot pro ject on infantile hydrocephalus. Twenty‐two patients, born 1963–69 in Vejle county, Denmark were identified, giving an incidence of 0.77 per 1000 births. the mothers had 26 pregnancies prior to the spina bifida children; 14 of these had resulted in normal viable infants (54 %). Seven of the patients had other congenital malformations, unrelated to the neural tube defect. All unoperated patients died. Four of 10 operated children were alive at age 7–12 years, three of them without han

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1978.tb02838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY