摘要:

ABSTRACTThe density and size of astrocyte, oligodendrocyte and neurone nuclei were determined in the corpus striatum of rats with urease‐induced hyperammoniemia (plasma NH4+‐concentration about 800 μmol/l). No changes in the number of neurone nuclei were found. After 4 days the density of astrocyte nuclei increased from 13 to 23 per cent of the glial nuclei. However, the number of oligodendrocyte nuclei decreased correspondingly and the total glial nuclear number remained constant. The number of astrocyte nuclei was normalized 1 week after the 4‐day period of hyperammoniemia. Moreover, intracerebral injections of colchicine at different times of the experimental period revealed no mitoses, indicating that no astrocyte divisions took place in pure hyperammoniemia. The astrocyte nuclei were of normal size in the urease animals in contrast to the animals with porto‐caval anastomosis (PCA) which showed enlarged astrocyte nuclei. Thus, hyperammoniemia caused a reversible transformation of glial nuclei, but no real proliferation. A comparison of the glial reactions 4 days after a brain lesion showed the same frequency of astrocyte mitoses in control and urease animals but a higher incidence of mitoses in the PCA animals. The number of Alzheimer type I astrocytes was the same in control and PCA animals, whereas no such cells were found in the urease animals, indicating that this form of hyperammoniemia did not lead to arrest of astrocyte metaphases with subsequent formation of Alzheimer type

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSpontaneous (SLT) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocyte transformation was studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffering from acute exacerbations or from the chronic progressive type of MS. The changes in cell‐mediated immunity were also observed before, during and after immunosuppressive (prednisone) treatment. A total of 85 venous blood samples from 23 MS patients (11 males, 12 females) were included in the material. The controls consisted of 25 measurements from 17 healthy volunteers who served as normal controls. The pathological controls consisted of 13 patients with neurological diseases other than MS. All these and MS patients were hospitalized. The IUFdR uptake of the cells of MS patients was more rapid than that of the controls at 1‐hr incorporation time in SLT. The difference decreased and was eliminated by longer incubation times (2–4 hrs). MS patients also differed from pathological controls in this sense. The reaction to PHA stimulation was lower both in the MS groups (64 per cent from the normal controls) and in the pathological controls. Within the different MS groups, significantly lower values were seen only in the samples of the patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Under prednisone (80–100 mg initial dosis) PHA stimulation values rapidly dropped within the first week and slowly returned within 2–4 weeks after the stopping of the corticosteroid treatment. In some cases, however, PHA values remained at a low level for several months. The significance of this finding for the understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms has to be studied in mo

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate whether changes in the protein binding of phenytoin occur postoperatively. Fourteen patients were studied after cholecystectomy and six patients after operations for intracranial aneurysm or meningeoma. It was found that the fraction of phenytoin not bound to plasma proteins rose significantly after operation. The total concentration, on the other hand, decreased, so the concentration of free phenytoin did not change much. Possible explanations to the changes observed are discussed, as well as the clinical usefulness of determination of the protein binding of phenytoin.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo male patients with severe reversible muscle weakness and excessive potassium deficiency associated with alkalosis during treatment with diuretics are presented. The case reports are further illustrated by the morphologic changes as seen in light and electron microscopic examination of muscle biopsies. Hypokalemia and muscle dysfunction are discussed in relation to other investigations of altered potassium metabolism and myopathy during treatment with certain diuretics.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe clinical and psychometric comparison of two groups of patients, one with spasmodic torticollis, the other with operated herniated disc, showed closely related psychological profiles. The most important perturbations are found in spasmodic torticollis and seem related to the disease's chronicity. In no case was a predominant hysteric structure found. The results of these investigations on the disorder's etiology are discussed.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of morphine on the specific activity (SA) of lysine in the plasma free amino acid (FAA) fraction and in the cerebral cortical FAA and protein fractions, as well as on the specific accumulation and incorporation, was determined in male Sprague‐Dawley and Wistar rats at various time intervals after intravenous injection of drug and amino acid into unanesthetized animals. The lysine SA was higher in Sprague‐Dawley than in Wistar rats in the plasma and brain FAA fraction and in the protein fraction. In the SD strain, morphine decreased the SA of plasma FAA significantly, but had only slight effects in the Wistar strain. In the cortical gray matter, morphine elevated the SA of lysine significantly in both strains, although the rate of decrease of SA with increasing time after injection was different in the two strains. SA of the lysine in cerebral cortical protein increased in both strains with time, but did so more rapidly in the Sprague‐Dawley strain. When the data for the free amino acids were expressed in terms of specific accumulation, the observed rates were higher in the Sprague‐Dawley animals and reached a point of maximal concentration, which was not observed in animals of the Wistar strain. Morphine elevated the levels of specific accumulation of lysine into the cortical free amino acid pool in both strains of rat. However, specific incorporation of lysine into the cerebral gray cortical protein in control animals was essentially similar in both strains. Despite the similarity in specific incorporation of lysine into brain protein in both strains of control rat, morphine treatment caused a much more marked inhibition of incorporation of lysine in the Wistar rats. Thus, it is concluded that Sprague‐Dawley and Wistar rats are not equivalent in relation to the accumulation of an amino acid in the brain FAA pool from the plasma and that the effect of morphine on specific incorporation of lysine into brain protein is greater in Wi

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe influence of clonazepam on steady‐state serum levels of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine was studied in 22 patients with epilepsy receiving one or two of these drugs. Clonazepam was given in slowly increasing doses for 2 weeks until a maximum dose of 66 mg per day was reached; thereafter the dose was kept constant. The serum levels of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine were determined once a week for at least 6 weeks. During clonazepam medication in ordinary doses the serum levels of the drugs in question were unaltered. Thus, it is unlikely that the antiepileptic effect of clonazepam in these patients even partly may be due to increased serum levels of these other drugs mentione

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1977.tb07629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY