摘要:

In all, 22 reports of 20 randomized, controlled rehabilitation studies were evaluated. In 18 of these, the design of the trial was parallel, with a cross‐over format being employed in the remaining 2 instances. Seven studies related to intensive rehabilitation during the early post‐acute period. In six others, specific techniques ‐ sometimes associated with traditional physiotherapy procedures ‐ were compared: biofeedback, perceptual retraining, and amphetamine treatment. Eight experiments evaluated speech therapy in aphasia. Frequently, methodological considerations limited the interpretation of the results. The review showed that: 1) as regards activities of daily life and motor function, differences as between rehabilitation in stroke units on the one hand and non‐rehabilitation or rehabilitation in medical wards on the other, were detected in relatively few quality studies and remained particularly inconclusive insofar as life in the home environment was concerned; 2) rehabilitation for aphasia and perceptual dysfunction proved effective for at least several months after acute stroke; 3) in general, examination of the reports cited revealed no differences in the effects of biofeedback and perceptual retrainingvsconventional physiotherapy; 4) rehabilitation, whether administered by specialists or amateur caregivers purpose‐trained by specialists, proved equally effective for aphasia. These conclusions constitute a valuable basis for the development and evaluation of modern rehabilitation programs for stro

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prognostic information is provided for 74 young adults (age 16–40 yrs, mean age at stroke 29.5 yrs), who suffered from ischemic stroke and survived the first month after the stroke. The patients were followed for 13–26 yrs; in total for 1190 yrs after their stroke. At follow‐up 12 of the patients were dead, mostly from severe underlying disease that was complicated by ischemic stroke. In 3 cases death was unrelated to cerebrovascular disease. Among the surviving 62 patients, 7 had experienced recurrent ischemic events (3 reinfarctions, 4 TIA:s). These 7 patients all had risk factors for cerebrovascular complications already at the time of their primary stroke. It is concluded that the long‐term prognosis for ischemic stroke in the young adult is favourable. The recovery from neurological deficits is usually good (exceptions are occlusions within the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries), the risk for recurrence is low (1.1–1.2% annualy), and the social prognosis with respect to working capacity and family relatio

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated leucocyte aggregation in 26 patients with ischemic stroke and in 10 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), previously untreated, within 24 h from the onset of symptoms. The evaluation was also performed in 30 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Leucocyte aggregation was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.01post hocTukey test). Within patients, those with stroke showed a significantly higher aggregation than those with TIA (p = 0.01 post hoc Tukey test). Moreover, stroke patients with the poorest outcome showed significantly higher values of leucocyte aggregation. These results indicate an involvement of leucocytes in cerebral ischemia and suggest that changes in their aggregability may play a role in the evolution of the disease.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following cerebral ischemia a tendency to increased coagulation can be detected. Vascular occlusion may develop either as a result of local thrombus formation or from emboli caused by circulating platelet aggregates. We studied the localization of microthrombi and their effects on tissue in double‐hemisphere sections. Fresh brain infarcts showed a large number of microthrombi limited to the ischemic region. In more advanced infarcts they were found mainly at the border of the necrosis and diffusely distributed over both hemispheres. Older, subsiding infarcts showed only isolated microthrombi limited to the area of the necrosis. This indicates that great importance must be attached to microthrombi in infarct progressio

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Limbic seizure‐activity was induced by injecting kainic acid into the amygdala of rats. Extracellular levels of amino acids were monitored by microdialysis in the hippocampus. No changes were detected in the levels of glutamate and aspartate. The level of glycine also remained unchanged, whereas GABA showed an increase of approximately 35%. The level of glutamine decreased by approximately 30%, and that of serine by approximately 20%. The results indicate that increased turnover may exist in the glutamate transmitter pool. In addition, impairment of GABA‐release seems not to be a pathogenetic factor in seizure‐induced hippocampal neuron loss. It is concluded that even during sustained seizure‐activity, the extracellular level of glutamate, is maintained within narrow limits. A proposed index for excitatory neurodegeneration, glutamate x glycine/GABA, was found to be decreased in this seizure model. We therefore suggest that seizure‐induced neuron death is not reflected by alterations in the extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate, thought to act as direct ne

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Auditory event‐related potentials (AERP) were elicited in 68 epileptic patients and 30 age‐matched controls. Epileptic patients had significantly prolonged N2 and P300 (P3) latencies compared with controls. Seven patients were above the range of 3 standard deviations from the control mean values. Amongst epileptics, patients with temporal lobe epilepsy had significantly prolonged P3 latencies compared to patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Patients with abnormal EEGs had significantly prolonged P3 latencies compared to those with normal EEGs. Patients on anticonvulsant monotherapy had shorter P3 latencies, compared to patients taking a combination of two or more anticonvulsants. Patients on shorter duration of treatment had less prolonged P3 latencies compared to those on longer anticonvulsant treatm

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eleven epileptic patients, candidates for surgical treatment, were examined in order to localize epileptic foci. The daily doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were reduced by fifty per cent or less, and the reduced dosages were maintained until a seizure had occurred. The reduction resulted in seizures within five days among all patients, and the number of seizures increased significantly in comparison with the five‐day period before AED reduction. The seizures so provoked were typical for each patient, as confirmed by clinical observation and video‐EEG telemetry. No status epilepticus or withdrawal psychosis occurred. The AED concentrations at the time of the seizures were generally within the reference val

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We describe eight patients from three families presenting with myoclonus, ataxia, infrequent seizures and minimal intellectual impairment. All were Arabs from different parts of the Arabian peninsula. The new consensus on terminology, genetic and clinical definition of Baltic myoclonus, Ramsay Hunt syndrome and Unverricht‐Lundborg disease suggests that our group are best categorised under the term of progressive myoclonic ataxia of the Unverricht‐Lundborg type. Moreover, this report reinforces the existence of this syndrome outside Scandina

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three cases of acquired demyelinating multifocal neuropathy with persistent conduction blocks are reported. In one of them protyreline tartrate (TRH‐T) had an evident deblocking effect; similar but milder effects were seen in the other two cases. The course and consistency of this effect is analyzed on the grounds of clinical and electromyographic findings. The nature of the THR‐T responsive conduction block is analysed as a mild variant of CIDP with regard to its occurrence in a late and chronic phase without signs of active immune proces

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We measured the levels of amino acids in biopsied skin from eight patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and seven controls. The most conspicuous changes in ALS patients were as follows. First, the contents of the acidic amino acids glutamate and aspartate were significantly decreased in ALS, and were negatively and significantly associated with the duration of illness. Second, the levels of the collagen‐associated amino acids hydroxyproline, proline, glycine, alanine, and hydroxylysine were significantly decreased in ALS, and correlated inversely with the duration of illness. These results suggest that there are abnormalities of acidic amino acids and collagen‐associated amino acids in the skin of patients with ALS. These changes may underlie the pathogenesis of

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY