摘要:

The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, and 24 amino acids were examined in 10 healthy subjects, five 21–24 and five 55–65 years old. The subjects were free from drugs. The results of psychometric and neurological examinations were negative. CBF was determined with the nitrous oxide method on the subjects who were awake and normocapnic and had fasted overnight.No differences were found between the young and the old groups except in arterial levels of four amino acids, viz. aspartic acid, methionine, lysine, and tryptophan. In the whole group of 10 subjects, a significant cerebral net uptake (expressed as median values in μmol X kg‐1X min‐1) was found not only for oxygen (1719) and glucose (248), but also for acetoacetate (4.3), D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (6.2), arginine (2.0), leucine (5.2), and isoleucine (1.2). There was a significant net release of lactate (‐28). CBF was positively correlated to the CMR of oxygen and D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. Arterial concentrations and CMR were positively correlated for ketone bodies, glutamic acid, proline and taurine.It is of particular interest that the whole group of healthy subjects showed a significant cerebral uptake of branched‐chain a

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The C4complement component was measured in CSF from 10 patients without CNS involvement (controls) and 71 with various meningeal and neurological diseases.Serum C4was also measured in the control group and in 46 of the 71 neurological patients.A significant increase of CSF C4was observed in all neurological diseases with meningeal involvement independent of the causative agent. Inversely, serum C4values were within normal limits.Increased CSF C4with normal serum levels might indicate increased diffusion across the blood‐brain barrier, decreased ability for immuno‐complex production or increased local product

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many anticonvulsants are known to cause osteomalacia, however, carbamazepine has not previously been studied in this regard. We studied 31 patients on carbamazepine (mean dose 758 mg ± s.d. 468 mg per day), as a single drug for epilepsy for a duration of 20.5 ± 10 months. Three patients (10 %) had hypocalcaemia, and serum calcium was significantly lower (P<0.01)), and serum alkaline phosphatase significantly higher (P<0.05) than matched control subjects. Serum phosphorus was significantly inversely correlated and serum alkaline phosphatase was positively correlated with both dose and duration, but not blood levels of carbamazepine. These findings are consistent with mild biochemical changes of osteomalacia. None of the patients were symptomatic.Serum bilirubin (mean 2.6 ± 1.4 μmol/l) was very significantly lower (P<0.01) than in controls. Both the calcium and bilirubin disturbances are probably due to carbamazepine causing hepatic microsomal enzyme induct

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alcoholism has been shown to predispose to cerebrovascular thrombosis in normotensive males under the age of 50. To elucidate this phenomenon platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity were studied in 29 alcoholic males under 50 years of age who showed no evidence of acute cerebrovascular disease. Age matched healthy nonalcoholic volunteers made up the control population.Platelet aggregation did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in the two groups. Fibrinolytic activity was significantly reduced in the alcoholics as compared to the controls (P= 0.005).The data suggest that the alcoholics have an increased thrombotic tendency. This may cause alcoholics to be at a greater risk of suffering stroke at an early age.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method for measuring the proliferative response of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes upon stimulation with mitogens and viral antigens has been developed. The number of lymphoid cells in DNA synthesis afterin vitrostimulation is counted and the results expressed as a percentage of the total number of surviving lymphocytes. Preliminary results on four MS patients indicated that their CSF lymphocytes responded considerably more strongly to purified measles virus antigen than did corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The responses to crude herpes virus antigen were at least as strong in PBL as in CSF lymphocyte cultures from the same patients. The CSF lymphocytes responded slightly stronger to phytohemagglutinin than PBL did.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various anti‐epileptic drugs may affect the immune system. An IgA‐depressing effect of carbamazepine has been proposed, but only serum concentrations have been studied. IgA constitutes a small fraction of the serum immunoglobulins, while it is the predominating one in external secretions. In the present study the concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM in unstimulated saliva were determined by single radial immunodiffusion in 34 patients with partial epilepsy, and being treated with carbamazepine alone. Median salivary IgA concentration in the patients was 208 × 10‐3g/l, compared to 150 × 10‐3g/l in 41 healthy controls. Salivary IgG and IgM concentrations were also somewhat higher in the patients than in the controls, while the albumin concentrations were similar in the two groups. However, the differences in the immunoglobulin concentrations between patients and controls were not significant at a 5 % level. There was no significant correlation between the concentrations of IgA in saliva

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of young patients with Huntington's disease, ascertained from case material reported in the literature, was examined to determine whether muscular rigidity or age at onset of the disorder is the major factor in giving rise to early dementia and epilepsy. Because of correlation between explanatory variables, adjustment for their effects was made in calculating the strength of associations. The risk of incurring dementia early was found to be over twice as great for rigid patients than for those without the sign. Onset age was independently involved with rigidity in this relationship. When the effect of muscular rigidity was adjusted for sex and onset age, virtually no influence on the occurrence of epilepsy was detected. Onset age, on the other hand, was strongly associated with the likelihood of epileptic attack.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐four patients with multiple sclerosis from North‐West India are described. This included two pathologically proven cases of multiple sclerosis. Five patients conformed to the definition of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). This study is in agreement with the other series reported from Asia regarding the special clinical features of multiple sclerosis described from this part of the world. There is more common occurrence of visual impairment at onset, predominant involvement of optic nerves and spinal cord and higher incidence of classical neuromyelitis optica. There is no relationship of any or all cerebro spinal fluid abnormalities with the type of multiple sclerosis, duration of an attack and disability, except for the possible relation between the type of colloidal gold reaction pattern and the type of multiple sclero

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 443 patients with Parkinson's disease and a similar number of age and sex matched controls were interviewed as regards their smoking habits. A lower proportion of the patients (26.4 %) had smoked when compared with the controls (32.7 %). Similarly, the patients had more often stopped smoking (76.1 %) than the controls (53.8 %). The difference in the proportions of persons who smoked in these two groups may be explained by selective mortality, or alternatively, by premorbid behavior of Parkinson's disease patients.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

M.‐L. Hector: EEG recording. ButterworthProgress in stroke research. I. Ed. R. M. Greenhalgh&F. Clifford Rose. Pitman Medical PublAlzheimer's disease. Ed. A. Glen&L. Whalley. Churchill Livingsto

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY