摘要:

ABSTRACT—Recognition of the idiopathic polyradiculoneuropathies began with Graves, Landry and Dumenil who, respectively, suggested, implied and established the peripheral nervous system as a site of disease. Over the ensuing decades other neurologists separated the idiopathic disorders from neuropathies of known cause, poliomyelitis and myelopathies. Guillain, Barré and Strohl described the acute benign syndrome and its cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Haymaker&Kernohan solidified the features of the acute disorder as did Dyck et al and Prineas&McLeod for the relapsing and chronic conditions. Currently the idiopathic polyradiculoneuropathies are regarded as autoimmune in nature, clinically generalized with some cases having focal involvement, and of varying severity with only occasional fatalities. Neurologists are divided as to whether the acute and chronic disorders represent 2 different conditions or whether they are 2 forms in the spectrum of a single disorder. This author favors the concept of a single disorder with multifarious manifestatio

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Radioimmunoassay techniques were used to detect antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AAChR) in 164 patients with adult‐onset myasthenia gravis. AAChR levels above 0.6 nM/l were considered pathological and were found in 67% of the patients with an average value of 58.99±125.02 nM/l (0.6‐900.0). Correlation, with clinical functional status, the histopathological thymus alterations and the different therapeutics used did not disclose any statistically significant diffe

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Il‐1 and Il‐2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied in 10 patients with SSPE and 15 patients in the acute stage of MS. Both SSPE and MS cellsin vitroreleased spontaneously high amounts of Il‐1, and could not be further stimulated to synthesis of Il‐1 by latex. The Il‐2 production was decreased in both processes but in MS after the recovery from the acute stage the production of Il‐2 increased. The role of the observed changes in both Il‐1 and Il‐2 secretion in the pathogenesis of SSPE

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In an attempt to establish the efficacy of the different diagnostic tests, 41 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at different stages of the disease were studied by means of visual evoked potential (VEP) recording, T‐lymphocyte subset determination cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR and CSF oligoclonal bands (OB) were the most sensitive techniques for the diagnosis of MS, being positive in 88% of patients, while VEP and helper/suppressor (H/S) T‐cell ratio were altered in 54% and 46% of patients respectively. Low significant agreement coefficient were found among the 4 tests and the major value, even though “fairly” significant, was between

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Twenty patients, who had sustained a proven subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and in whom cerebral panangiography had failed to reveal any source of the bleeding (SAH‐NUD), were subjected to a neuropsychological examination involving memory functions, spatial perceptual organization, visuoconstructive abilities, reasoning, perceptual speed and accuracy, and concept formation. Cognitive functioning in SAH‐NUD patients was compared with normal reference values and also related to the cognitive performance of neurologically intact patients having sustained an aneurysmal bleeding (SAH‐AN). SAH‐NUD patients showed significant reduction of verbal learning and retention, and of abilities involving abstract attitude and concept formation, i.e., functions related to frontotemporal structures. In all other respects the performance of these patients approached normality. Unexpectedly, there were no significant differences in mean test scores separating SAH‐NUD from aneurysmal SAH patients. Collapsing the patient groups produced an increased number of significant deviations from normality, which was interpreted as the effect of the contribution of a greater number of relatively more impaired SAH‐AN patients. This was supported by the finding that the ratio of impaired individuals to total number of subjects differed in the groups; the proportion of individuals showing cognitive sequelae was larger among SAH‐AN patients throughout all comparisons but one. Although SAH of unknown aetiology represents much less of a catastrophe as compared with haemorrhage of aneurysmal origin, it does not preclude cognitive disturbances. Thus, the presence of bloodper seanywhere in the subarachnoid spaces appears to affect higher br

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Neuropsychological testing was performed on: 10 right‐handed patients who had had 1–4 right hemisphere transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), 10 normal controls, 10 house painters with long‐term exposure to organic solvents, and 10 patients with liver cirrhosis. The subjects in each group were matched for age and education. No TIA patient had significant internal carotid artery stenosis, and CT was normal except in one patient, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 3 years after the testing was abnormal in 4/8 cases. No patient reported additional distinct TIAs during the period between neuropsychological testing and MRI. The TIA patients showed lateralized signs of spatial impairment, whereas the cirrhotics and also (but to a lesser degree) the house painters showed signs of diffuse cerebral dysfunction. The study shows that hemispheric TIAs in patients without significant internal carotid artery stenosis may result in persistent focal cognitive impairment. This can be demonstrated with sensitive neuropsychological instruments even when MRI is

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Seven patients with myotonic muscle dystrophy (MD), 6 with muscle dystrophy without myotonia (limb‐girdle and facio‐scapulo‐humeral dystrophy) and 6 healthy volunteers were subjected to biopsy from the anterior tibial muscle (TA). Light microscopic examination of cryostat sections revealed pathological changes of different kind and degree ‐ the occurrence of ring fibres and multiple central nuclei was the most consistent in advanced MD. X‐ray microanalysis (XRMA) of single muscle fibres demonstrated the intracellular content of such elements as Na, Cl, K, Mg, S and P. The most conspicuous finding was the increase in Na and Cl and decrease in K demonstrated in MD. The highest levels of Na and Cl were found in ring fibres. Decrease in K was as high in structurally normal fibres of MD biopsies as in ring fibres and was also found in the muscle dystrophies without myotonia, but to a lesser degree than in MD. Thus, the decrease in K was not correlated to increase in Na and Cl. These changes in muscle fibre elemental content are discussed in relation to plasma membrane changes of erythrocytes in MD and especially the indications of disturbed ani

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This article describes the association between previous infection and/or vaccination and the development of optic neuritis (ON) in 18 children. Ten of these children subsequently developed clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS), while in 8 patients a clinically definite etiology could not be confirmed. Vaccination preceded the first ON attack in 6 patients, all but one of whom subsequently developed MS. It also preceded subsequent demyelinating events in 6 patients. Ten of the patients had a bacterial or viral infection within the 2 weeks prior to the first symptoms of ON. Intrathecal antibody synthesis against 2 or more viruses could be shown in 5 out of 8 patients studied; 5 out of 6 patients had oligoclonal antibodies in CSF and 12 out of 16 patients a high IgG index. Neither intrathecal antibody synthesis against 2 or more viruses nor elevated IgG indexes could be found in the control patients. Measles and mumps occurred at a significantly later age in the children who subsequently developed MS than in the control children, and these patients had significantly more events that might have impaired the blood‐brain barrier than the controls. These results indicate that immunological events leading to MS may be triggered during childhood. Vaccination and infection often precede ON in childhood. Intrathecal viral antibody production can occur already in childhood at the time of the first symptoms of

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The role of metabolic abnormalities in the development of diabetic neuropathy is controversial. To investigate the peripheral nerve function and the influence of hyperglycemia on nerve conduction in insulin‐dependent diabetes, a one‐year neurophysiological study was carried out in 30 type 1 diabetic patients ranging in age from 2–16 years. During the 12‐month follow‐up period the glycosylated hemoglobin determination, motor conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve and the motor and sensory conduction of the tibial nerve were assessed 3 times, at the beginning of the study and every 6 months thereafter. The sensory latency was found significantly delayed in these patients as compared with the controls. The degree of sensory conduction slowing correlated well with the glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations and improved with the reduction in hy

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The planum temporale is a triangular region on the upper surface of the temporal lobe. This area of the brain is important for language processing and shows a left‐right asymmetry of size in most brains. Particular interest has been focused on the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale in brains of individuals with developmental dyslexia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method that produces excellent morphological details of organic structures. We have developed an MRI method of studying the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale in human brains. Because of considerable variation of anatomical landmarks in this cortical region of the brain, an evaluation of asymmetry is not possible in all brains. Furthermore, our experience with this method indicates that any indirect imaging technique of studying asymmetry of the planum temporale must be evaluated with caution. With this in mind, however, MRI may give valuable anatomical information about the planum temporale in individuals with anomalous language funct

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY