摘要:

ABSTRACTNation‐wide surveys in Israel in 1960 and 1966 disclosed 295 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Brainstem signs were found in 14 per cent at the onset of the disease and 65 per cent during the course of illness. Cranial nerves supplying extraocular muscles were the most commonly affected. Development of cranial nerve signs was not influenced by sex, age at onset, duration of illness or ethnic origin. Patients with cranial nerve signs tended to have a remittent course. Patients with cranial nerve involvement had a mortality similar to those without such involvement. However, bulbar involvement was associated with an increased death rate. The literature on trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, facial paralysis and deafness as well as other cranial nerve involvement in MS is reviewe

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHuman and animal studies have suggested that the occurrence of thalamic pain (hyperpathia) is not simply a manifestation of a functional deficit in the major lemniscal pathway mediated through the ventral posterior (VP) thalamic nucleus. More effective relief of this pain has occurred following stereotaxic lesions of the centromedianum (CM) than after lesions restricted to VP. Median nerve stimulation has evoked abnormal contralateral somatosensory evoked responses (SER) in patients with lesions of VP. In this study the SERs evoked by contra‐lateral stimulation in two patients with thalamic pain secondary to infarction were normal. These results support the hypothesis that thalamic pain can be caused by thalamic lesions sparing VP. The minor change noted in the ipsilateral SER when the abnormal hand was stimulated was consistent with a lesion involving CM or adjacent nonspecific thalamic nucle

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe influence of ischemia on the permeability of the perineurium to protein tracers was studied in rabbit tibial nerve. Intravital ischemia was produced by a pneumatic cuff around the thigh and the effects of long‐lasting permanent ischemia were investigated in postmortem experiments. The permeability was tested fluorescence microscopically by injections of albumin labelled with Evan's blue (EBA) around the nerve. The diffusion of EBA into the endoneurium of control tibial nerves was prevented by the perineurium. This “barrier” function of the perineurium resisted ischemia of even 24 hours’duration but after 48 hours of ischemia the tracer penetrated the perineurium and spread widely in endoneurial spaces. This diffusion barrier is therefore markedly resistant to ischemia and postmortem

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis is an investigation of the short‐term effect of using a daily dispenser in the treatment of outpatients with epilepsy. The finding of other authors that there is no correlation between the dose of diphenyl‐hydantoin (DPH) pr kg body weight and the plasma DPH was confirmed. Nor was such correlation found 3 and 4 weeks, respectively, after supplying information on the importance of regular intake of medicine or the provision of the daily dispenser. A significant increase was found in the level/dose ratio of DPH in the group using the daily dispenser, by comparison with a control group not receiving the pack. The variance of the difference between two level/dose ratios determined at an interval of a week was significantly less in the group with the dispenser. The interpretation of these findings is that the daily dispenser results in an increased and stabilized intake of medicine. In addition, the relationship was examined between a number of presumably motivating data and the primary DPH level/dose ratio. Single factors were not found to be significantly correlated to this, but a clear positive correlation was demonstrated between the number of negatively motivated environmental factors and a high plasma level, as well as a large variance in the difference between the two primary level/dose ratios. This may be explained by the negatively motivated patient having an irregular intake of medicine, which may result not only in too little, but also in too great an intake of medicine. The investigation underlines how important it is that the physician administering the treatment be aware of the influence of environmental factors on the regularity with which medicine is taken. Information of medicine plus the daily dispenser, or these factors separately, results in a significantly greater rise in the level/dose ratio in a group of patients with normal memory than in a group with impairment of mem

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree adult cases of occlusive disease of the intracranial main arteries with collateral networks (moyamoya disease) are reported. Each patient had a characteristic angiographic picture: occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the level of the siphon just above the origin of the posterior communicating artery, combined with typical collateral networks in the base of the brain and in the convexity. Transitory ischaemic attacks occurred in the initial phase of the disease. One female patient had her initial transitory symptoms during the use of contraseptive pills. Her first objective neurological deficits, spastic hemiparesis and dysphasia, occurred half a year later, some days after discontinuation of the pills. Later she had a spontaneous intracerebral and subdural haematoma; she was then treated conservatively. The other female patient also exhibited severe dysphasia combined with a slight hemisyndrome. Biopsy of the temporal artery showed marked intimal proliferation in this female case only. The male patient suffered mainly from neurotic and depressive symptoms. Brain scanning suggested cerebral infarction, which disappeared later. EEG findings varied from slight asymmetry to focal changes. At follow‐up examination the male patient was able to work, but both females were unable to care for themselves. Several aetiological factors possibly operate in the background of the disease, which does not appear to be confined to any particular rac

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn demyelinating diseases in humans, multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, the concentration of γ‐globulin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is increased. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism behind this increase we sought an animal model for the diseases. We measured the concentration of albumin and γ‐globulin in CSF and plasma from nine rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Both in CSF and plasma the concentration of γ‐globulin was significantly increased, but no significant changes in the albumin concentration was observed. Thus experimental allergic encephalomyelitis resembles multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with regard to the changes in protein concentration in CSF an

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis the concentrations of γ‐globulins in cerebrospinal fluid are increased. This might be due to a breakdown of the blood‐brain barrier or it might be the result of a synthesis of γ‐globulins within the central nervous system. In an attempt to distinguish between these two possibilities, we sought an animal model for the demyelinating diseases seen in humans. In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis the concentration of γ‐globulins in cerebrospinal fluid is also increased, and we therefore examined the permeability of the blood‐brain barrier in this disease. We compared the uptake of51Cr‐EDTA (MW = 359) in the brain in ten rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with that in eight normal rabbits. We did not find any difference between the two groups, and we must therefore conclude that there is not a widespread increase in the permeability of the blood‐brain barrier in rabbits with clinically manifest experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. However, we cannot exclude that the permeability might be increased in discrete ar

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA new, slowly absorbed L‐dopa preparation of sustained release‐type was used in an open study on 25 Parkinsonian patients. The 24‐hour serum concentration was found to be relatively even when three daily doses were used. The average dose was 3.5 g a day. Thirteen patients experienced adverse effects, of which nausea was the most common. Purdue pegboard and electronic measurement of motor reaction times showed that 80 per cent of the patients improved during the test period of 15 weeks. The new preparation was considered to be equal to, or slightly better than, the previous rapidly absorbed L‐dopa preparations. The present study confirmed our previous finding that thala‐motomized patients benefit from L‐dopa less than non‐surg

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe immunohistological method using the fluorescein antibody technique (direct method) was demonstrated to be proper for detecting the edema fluid in the brain. Serum leakage was observed mainly in the cerebral white matter in the renal hypertensive rat. Although the pathogenesis of the edema formation could not be clarified, the nature of edema fluid and the extent and location of fluid deposition in the brain can be detected. Advanced study can be expected with this method.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSerum total lipids, lipid phosphorus, total cholesterol, five subfractions of cholesterol esters, lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, lecithin, phophati‐dylethanolamine, free fatty acids, free cholesterol, triglycerides and esterified cholesterol were analysed in 108 cases of multiple sclerosis subdivided into four groups according to the activity of clinical symptoms of the disease and compared with 34 control blood donors. A decrease of cholesterol linoleate and an increase of tri‐ and tetra‐unsaturated fatty acid cholesterides were found to be constant changes in the progressive stages of multiple sclerosis. Other alterations of lipid composition and concentration were not substa

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY