摘要:

Reaction time was studied in 103 subjects with idiopathic parkinsonism and 144 without. Central processing time, as measured by the response to a warning, had a component which could be explained by the presence or absence of parkinsonism, but not by the ageing process, a mental test score, or consumption of exogenous substances. Depression did not influence the efficiency of response. Cigarette smoking and anti‐parkinsonian medication were associated with greater efficienc

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sufferers from parkinsonism have difficulty shifting or developing an appropriate mental set. Delayed auditory feedback may, therefore, disrupt their speech more than that of healthy controls. This was the case when 104 subjects with idiopathic parkinsonism and 144 without were compared. Moreover, the disruptive effect was complementary, in discriminating between those with and without clinical parkinsonism, to the response in reaction time to a warning. Unlike the latter, the disruption caused by delayed auditory feedback appeared independent of mental test score results and uninfluenced by consumption of tobacco or anti‐parkinsonian therapy. Neither were influenced by a rating of affect. More precise delineation of the mental disorders of parkinsonism is needed in clinical practice, set against background information on prognosis and drug responsivenes

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pattern of regional cerebral blood flow was assessed by single photon emission tomography and (99mTc)HM‐PAO in 28 patients with clinical diagnosis of non‐refractory cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy on chronic treatment with carbamazepine. Each patient underwent a magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain. An EEG was performed concurrently with the assessment of cerebral blood flow. Areas of focal hypoperfusion were observed in 8/28 patients, and a concurrent EEG focus was identified in 10/28 patients. Areas of hypoperfusion and the EEG foci were consistent in 6 of the 10 patients with EEG abnormalities; in 2 patients hypoperfusion and the EEG abnormalities were on opposite sides, though in homologous areas; in 2 patients the perfusion pattern was normal in spite of the EEG abnormalities. The number of clinical seizures and EEG abnormalities was higher for the patients presenting with cerebral hypoperfusion than for those with normal perfusion. It is concluded that the evaluation of cerebral blood flow may provide useful information for both diagnostic and prognostic assessment of these patie

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine the function of monocytes/macrophages in the acute phase of multiple sclerosis (MS), we investigated the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β and IL‐6 by peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (PBM) in patients with MS, other autoimmune neurological disease (OAND), other neurological disease (OND) and normal controls was assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or phorbol ester, PBM obtained during acute phase of MS relapse patients produced significantly higher amounts of all these cytokines than did PBM from patients with chronic stable MS or OAND or OND or from normal controls. The results suggest a possible role of activated monocytes/macrophages in the actue exac

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To study the relationship between vascular factors and white matter low attenuation of the brain (WMLA), computer tomography findings of 251 patients were re‐interpreted. Clinical data on patients were collected from the hospital records. It was possible to obtain sufficient clinical data on 204 patients who were included in the study. WMLA changes, on computer tomography, were found in 51.5% of patients. WMLA was most commonly present in patients with vascular (69.8%) and combined (69.2%) dementia. The occurrence of WMLA did not differ between patients with Alzheimer's disease (26.7%) and those without dementia (35.9%). Arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, or diabetes were not associated with WMLA. Heart failure and orthostatic hypotension, were found to be more commonly present in patients with than in those without WMLA more commonly present in patients with than in those without WMLA (34.0%vs14.3%, p = 0.0012; 10.0%vs2.0%, p = 0.036). Both systolic and diastolic low blood pressure values were associated with WMLA unlike hypertensive blood pressure values. Atrial fibrillation in electrocardiography was associated with WMLA, while neither left ventricular hypertrophy nor myocardial infarction was. When several explanatory variables were adjusted by logistic regression analysis, age, heart failure, and systolic blood pressure below 130 predicted WMLA. In conclusion, the association between WMLA and vascular factors with hemodynamic significance suggests that cerebral hypoperfusion may contribute to the genesis of WML

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four patients with Alzheimer's disease and matched controls were examined with reference to metabolic parameters such as peripheral insulin and glucose metabolism, serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure levels. Blood glucose levels and insulin response were measured during an intravenous glucose tolerance test and peripheral insulin sensitivity was estimated with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. There were no differences recorded between the two groups in glucose metabolism, triglyceride, cholesterol or HDL‐cholesterol levels. The patients with Alzheimer's disease had significantly lower blood pressure levels, which partly could be explained by ongoing treatment with neuroleptics and antidepressives. Previous findings of higher insulin levels in Alzheimer's disease could not be verif

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, 30 patients with cerebrovascular dementia, and 48 normal controls were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests designed to measure the following cognitive processes: orientation to time and place, memory, visual‐perceptual and constructional skills, language, conceptualization, attention, and executive functions (planning, self‐regulation and fine motor coordination). The differences detected were in orientation to time and place, in immediate and delayed recall of a short story, and in naming in which the patients with Alzheimer's disease were significantly disadvantaged. Vice versa, in attention processes, self‐regulation, planning, and fine motor coordination tasks the patients with cerebrovascular dementia were more severely impaired; these disturbances resemble some of those occurring in frontal lobe sy

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The levels of monoamine metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) were measured in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 10 patients with late onset ataxia, 8 patients with alcoholic ataxia and 18 control patients. The levels did not differ significantly among the three groups of patients suggesting that the central neuronal systems utilizing dopamine, noradrenaline and 5‐hydroxytryptamine do not have a significant pathophysiological role in these forms of ataxias. The measurement of CSF amine metabolites probably does not contribute to the differential diagnos

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY