摘要:

ABSTRACT—The aim of our study was to define the diagnostic importance of a complete electronystagmographic (ENG) examination (visual‐vestibular, vestibular and visual suppression tests on caloric nystagmus) in patients affected by MS. Of 144 patients examined, 116 were definite and 28 possible. Descriptive data of the instrumental findings showed very frequent alterations of one or more subtests: pursuit movements and visual suppression test were especially pathological, in respectively 56% and 58% of the cases; spontaneous and/or evoked nystagmus was present in 45%. A comparison between clinical and instrumental evidence of brain‐stem/cerebellar involvement indicated that 18% of the definite and 32% of the possible MS cases presented a negative clinical examination with positive instrumental findings. The usefulness of including a comprehensive ENG examination to obtain paraclinical evidence of a second lesion in the CNS in early MS is disc

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03862.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—To elucidate the role of gamma interferon in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) a mouse monoclonal antibody (DB‐1) directed against rat gamma interferon was used to treat rats during different phases of the development of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). The effects of this treatment were followed by clinical evaluation, and in some instances by immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid organs and affected nerves for presence of MHC class II antigens and various T cell subsets. DB‐1 treatment given after onset of clinical symptoms (Day 15 after immuniozation with myelin) shortened disease duration, compared with non‐treated EAN controls. Affected nerves of DB‐1 treated animals showed reduced expression of MHC class II antigens and lower numbers of T lymphocytes within the affected nerves. In contrast, when DB‐1 treatment was given on the day of immunization (Day 0), the disease duration increased, and when given before onset of the disease (Day 9) the clinical course was not significantly affected. The results support an important role for gamma interferon in the pathogen

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (ChE) activity in infantile and juvenile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) was determined. The total AChE activity was either normal or decreased in the childhood SMA (Type 1), the other SMA groups and disease controls (ALS, X‐linked SMA). In the majority of SMA Type 1 cases (6/7 tested) an absence of the asymmetric A12form was found. This was accompained by changes in the other asymmetric and globular forms. The latter was, however, not specific for SMA Type 1 cases. The ChE activity was increased in the majority of SMA cases as well as disease controls. The asymmetric A12ChE form was increased in all SMA Type 3 cases, the values of this form in SMA Type 1 was variable. A change in the ChE globular forms in SMA Type 1 and SMA Type 2 was a frequent finding. It is suggested that the absence of the asymmetric A12AChE form in SMA Type 1 arises because of muscle cell immaturity and undeveloped muscle‐nerve interactions. The reason of ChE changes is ob

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The ability of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or naloxone to reduce the motor function deficit and to improve the spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was investigated in a rat spinal cord compression injury model. Spinal cord injury was induced by compression for 5 min with a load of 35 g on a 2.2 times 5.0 mm sized compression plate causing a transient paraparesis. One group of animals was given TRH, one group naloxone and one group saline alone. Each drug was administered intravenously as a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg 60 min after injury followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h for 4 h. The motor performance was assessed daily on the inclined plane until Day 4, when SCBF was measured with the14C‐iodoantipyrine autoradiographic method. It was found that neither TRH nor naloxone had promoted motor function recovery or affected SCBF 4 days after spinal cord inj

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Thymectomy was carried out for treatment of myasthenia gravis in 27 unselected Chinese patients and thymoma was found in 13 of them. This 48% incidence of thymomas is two to three times greater than in Japanese and European patients, respectively. The reason for the higher incidence of thymomas observed in Chinese patients may be related to the presence of the Epstein‐Barr virus genome in thymoma. Furthermore, all of the thymomas in our patients were lymphoepithelial and histologically resemble nasopharyngeal carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary gland. Both these tumours are closely linked to the Epstein‐Barr virus and in Hong Kong, nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the third commonest cause of death from malignancy. We recommend early thymectomy for patients with myasthenia gravis particularly in geographical areas where there is a high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A radiological diagnosis of hemorrhagic infarction (HI) was made in 41 of 2726 cases with cerebrovascular lesions (1.9%). The clinical records of the cases and those of 82 age‐ and gender‐matched subjects with ischemic infarction were examined, and notes of the principal risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders, the clinico‐radiologic features and the outcome of the disease were taken for comparison. Cardiac sources of emboli (atrial fibrillation, native or prosthetic valve disorders, recent myocardial infarction) were present in 44% of cases and in 24% of controls. Diabetes mellitus was recorded in 31% and 18% respectively. Thirteen percent of cases and 35% of controls gave a history of transient ischemic attacks. Stupor or coma during the acute phase and a more severe course were more common among cases. In general, HIs were significantly larger than ischemic infarcts, with mass‐effect, although the size of the lesion did not seem to be related to the presence of cardiogenic

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Through an epidemiological survey, we observed 3 types of clinical courses among patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). The mental ability of the patients declined rapidly (Group A;n= 11), gradually (Group B;n= 6), or showed extremely slow changes (Group C;n= 9). The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and somatostatin (SRIF) concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 3 types of SDAT. Both AChE activity and SRIF concentration of CSF were significantly lower in Group A and among patients with AD compared with age‐matched control subjects. Both AChE activity and SRIF concentration of CSF were not significantly different in Groups B and C. This biochemical study confirmed our epidemiological finding that only the patients in Group A with SDAT closely resembled the clinical course of AD and may belong to the category of neurodegenerative disord

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The intrathecal production (ITP) of the immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A, M and D was examined in untreated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls. Sensitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay systems were applied to the determination of IgA, IgM and IgD levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from a group of 61 consecutive MS patients (41 relapsing‐remitting and 20 secondary chronic progressive MS). Age‐related reference limits for all Ig variables were defined in a group of 57 patients with tension headache. ITP of IgG was demonstrated in 85% of the MS patients, ITP of IgA in 41%, of IgM in 44% and of IgD in 18%. Among 9 MS patients with normal IgG index, 3 displayed ITP of IgA, 3 of IgM and 1 of IgD. Plasma IgA was elevated in 20% and plasma IgM in 24% of the MS cases. No significant variation of Ig ITP was demonstrated in a different group of 27 untreated MS patients examined during exacerbation and remission. Among control patients with other inflammatory nervous system diseases, ITP of IgA, IgM and IgD was found more frequently, and of IgG in a smaller percentage compared with MS p

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—We describe how brain regions with a flow (and metabolism) decrease can be visualized after an injection of short‐acting barbiturate in one of the internal carotid arteries during a Wada test. An intravenous administration of 99mTc‐HMPAO (Ceretec®) was used to mark the relative flow distribution. The 99mTc‐HMPAO distribution in the brain was recorded three‐dimensionally about 1 h later, by means of a single photon emission computer tomograph. We show that the timing of the intravenous 99mTc‐HMPAO administration during the Wada test is important for the visualization of the low‐flow regions. The administration of the tracer substance should be delayed at least 30 s after the first signs of the barbiturate effect. The rCBF decrease in the barbiturate‐injected cerebral hemisphere was associated with a simultaneous decrease in the contralateral, pharmacologically not directly affected, cerebellar hemisphere (crossed cerebe

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor were found in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. The patient had no clinical or electrophysiological evidence of disturbed neuromuscular function. The antibodies were of both IgG and IgM isotype. Following passive transfer, these antibodies showed the same capacity to bindin vivoto mouse muscle receptors as immunoglobulins from patients with myasthenia gravis. The affinity of the antibodies was high and comparable to that found in myasthenia gravis patient

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY