摘要:

ABSTRACTHypertension was induced by intravenous injection of Aramine in cats, either abruptly or stepwise. Evans Blue was used as a tracer for observations on the permeability of the cerebral vessels. In the cats with abrupt pressure increase extravasation of Evans Blue occurred in the brains indicating increased permeability to proteins. It is suggested that the permeability changes are due to a mechanical distension of the vessel wall caused by the sudden increase of the intraluminal pressure.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a previous study it was suggested that the cerebral vascular permeability dysfunction occurring in acute arterial hypertension was caused by the increased intraluminal pressure. The aim of the present experiments was to study further this effect on the blood‐brain barrier. To rule out any ischemic influence cerebral vasodilatation was brought about by papaverine injection or CO2inhalation and the cerebral blood flow measured and shown to be above normal before the blood pressure rise was induced. A sudden elevation of the systemic blood pressure still resulted in increased cerebral permeability indicated by Evans Blue extravasation. In one dog it was shown that an extremely rapid intracarotid autotransfusion resulted in a marked increase in the cerebral venous pressure and small areas of Evans Blue extravasation. Our results support the hypothesis that the permeability changes were caused by the increased intraluminal pressur

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn three series of rabbits with unilateral chemical or air injury to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), each animal was given one damage‐indicating tracer intravitally (intravenously), another tracerpost‐mortally(by perfusion soon after bleeding). The two tracers, fluo‐rescein isothiocyanate and Evans blue, respectively, were both protein‐bound and fairly comparable as regards permeability characteristics. By visualization of whole brain and slices in daylight and ultraviolet light, the extravasation of the two tracers was grossly estimated. Their detailed distribution—each or in mixture—could be studied by fluorescence microscopy in thin section where these tracers fluoresce brightly in contrasting colours. In two of the three series (B and C) the barrier‐damaged areas were fairly similarly demarcated by both tracers, grossly as well as microscopically, although unequalities in their detailed distribution could be observed. In series A differences in staining were evident, particularly at direct visualization. The comparably short interval between the barrier injury and exsanguina‐tion in this first series may imply a more dynamic situation, accentuating unavoidable changes of the vascular perfusability after death. Our conclusion, based on the findings in the experiments with a probably more stable perfusion situation, is that the “supravital” demonstration of BBB damage satisfactorily corresponds to the intrav

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT100 unconscious patients with traumatic brain injury were subjected to caloric‐vestibular stimulation using 30° C water. The following reactions were observed: Group 1 (30 patients): Rapid and slow phase of nystagmus. Group 2 (30 patients): Conjugate horizontal ocular deviation. Group 1 (30 patients): Internuclear paresis. Group 4 (22 patients): Abolished caloric‐vestibular response. When the test was carried out 1–3 days after the head injury, a single test proved of prognostic value. At follow‐up at least one year later: (1) all patients of group 4 had died, (2) no patient of group 1 or 2 had died, (3) no patient of group 1 was helpless, (4) no patient of group 3 could go back to work and more than half the patients of this group had died. One year after the head injury neurological signs were found with increasing frequency and severity from group 1 to group 3. There was no definite relationship between the vestibulo‐ocular reflex pattern and the duration of the uncon

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA method is presented for direct studies of oculostatic and oculomotor disturbances appearing after reduction of visual stimuli. Some clinical illustrations are given showing the appearance of marked ocular deviations and complex nystagmus patterns after the application of black contact caps. The method offers a possibility to provoke a whole series of phenomena of interest in neurological work. Several of these features can evidently not be recorded with the aid of electronystagmography.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCSF and blood levels of pyruvate, citrate, alphaketoglutarate and glucose were obtained from some 250 neurologic patients with various diagnoses. Statistical comparisons were made between these metabolites from each patient group and normal volunteers. Significantly increased CSF pyruvates occurred in cerebrovascular disease, and they were decreased in pseudotumor cerebri. CSF citrates were elevated in a number of conditions but blood citrates did not accompany this rise. CSF alphaketoglutarates did not change, but blood levels were elevated in cerebrovascular disorders. CSF citrate levels were significantly related to CSF total protein levels. CSF citrate changes seem to have diagnostic value in patients with neurological disorders apart from changes in pyruvates or lactates.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWith a sedimentation method for routine cytological examination of the CSF, 38 patients without known neurological or physical disease were studied. The method allows a reliable differential cell count, that is, it represents the true distribution of the cells in the CSF. The investigation showed that the mean value of the total cell count was 1.45 mononuclear cells per cmm. The counts ranged from 0.3 to 6.2 mononuclears per cmm. It was also found that CSF normally contains mainly lymphocytes, median 86.5 % with a range from 99 % to 63 %, and monocytoids, median 10.5 % with a range from 28 % to 0 %, but also macrophages, median 2 % ranging from 9 % to 0 %. Neither in the total cell count nor in the differential cell count were polynuclear cells found.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe ultrastructure of the two different types of myoneural junctions in the inferior and superior rectus muscles of the rat was studied bilaterally with the aid of the electron microscope 24 to 36 hours after unilateral electrocoagulation of the oculomotor nucleus to study the origin of synapses on multiply innervated muscle fibres. Degenerating myoneural junctions were observed in both the muscles studied. From the results it was concluded that the unmyelinated nerves, from which the small multiple myoneural junctions were derived, originated mainly in the ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus, and thus most probably are motor in function.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive women are presented who had the unusual picture of trigeminal neuropathy affecting the sensory function. In 4 of the cases the symptoms were bilateral and fairly symmetrical, but not corresponding to the trigeminal branches. In 4 of the cases the trigeminal neuropathy was the only neurological finding. Three of the patients suffered from systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in the 2 others this diagnosis was strongly suspected. It is suggested that the neuropathy was caused by vascular lesions in the medulla oblongata. The bilateral engagement may depend upon the anatomic arrangement of the arterial supply to the trigeminal decussation and lemniseus. The distribution of the sensory loss can be explained by the somatotopic localisation in the nerve tracts. Reports on cases with isolated sensory trigeminal neuropathy have been published in the last two decades. It is suggested that the neuropathy, at least in some of these cases, may have been an early symptom of SLE.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of ethanol anesthesia on the accumulation of3H‐lysine into different brain regions, plasma, skeletal muscle and liver was studied, as well as the accumulation of3H‐lysine into TCA‐precipitable protein of brain, plasma, muscle and liver. A significant decrease in the accumulation of lysine in the cerebral white, hypothalamus and cerebellum as well as into brain proteins was shown to occur two hours after the injection of the amino acid. Further, uptake of3H‐lysine relative to plasma levels was shown to be depressed in all tissues in anesthetized rats. The pattern of accumulation of3H‐lysine in the brains of unanesthetized rats showed a peak accumulation two hours after injection of the labeled amino acid followed by a decrease. By comparison, the pattern of uptake in the ethanol‐anesthetized rats was such that it continued to occur throughout the three hour period of the experiment without attaining a point of maximal accumulation. This suggests that there was a decreased turnover rate of brain proteins in the ethanol treated rats. Plasma levels of3H‐lysine were significantly higher in the ethanol‐anesthetized rats as compared to the unanesthetized ones. Accumulation of3H‐lysine was unchanged in liver and decreased i

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY