摘要:

Cerebral air embolism can have hemodynamic effects such as increases in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow. It has been suggested that these factors play a role for the induction of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. In the present study, 5 μl air was injected into the right internal carotid artery from a catheter in the external carotid artery after ligation of the extracerebral branches. No consistent change in blood pressure was observed with this small amount of air. Hypercapnia, which increases protein leakage in the brain under conditions of high intra‐luminal pressure, significantly reduced the extravasation in air embolism. Lidocain and SITS (4 acetamido–4–isothiocyano–stilbene–2,2–disulfonic acid disodium), two drugs that effectively reduce the albumin leakage in acute hypertension, had no prophylactic effect in cerebral air embolism. Spontaneously hypertensive rats are less vulnerable than normotensive rats to pressure‐induced BBB dysfunction but did not significantly differ from controls regarding albumin leakage in the present study. It is concluded that the increased cerebrovascular permeability in air embolism is not related to hem

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nineteen patients with L‐DOPA treated parkinsonism involving depressive symptoms, the therapeutic effect of nortriptyline was compared to placebo in a controlled trial. The depressive and neurological symptoms were evaluated by rating scales. Nortriptyline had a clinical significant effect with regard to the depressive symptoms, whereas the neurological parameters were unchanged. The authors suggest the depression in Parkinson's disease to be of both reactive and endogenous origin

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) following electrical stimulation of the median nerve and blink reflexes (BR) following electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve were recorded in 30 normal subjects aged 20–49 years. Subjects aged 40–49 had longer SEP latencies than subjects aged 20–39 years.A total of 29 slightly affected patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) aged 26–49 years, including four patients without clinical signs (suspected MS) and 19 patients with signs indicating only one lesion (possible MS) were examined by low‐rate random‐stimulated brain stem auditory (BAEP), checkerboard pattern‐reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), SEP and BR. Abnormal recordings by at least one of the examinations were found in all but three patients, and by all four tests in five patients.In patients with definite or probable MS, demonstration of clinically recognized or subclinical lesions was of minor diagnostic value, in contrast to the importance such findings had in patients with suspected or possible MS. Silent lesions were shown by at least one of the tests in the four suspected and in 13 of the possible MS patients, so these 17 patients could be transferred to a more certain diagnostic category. This reclassification was most often due to the BAEP recording.In patients with spinal signs, the combination of BAEP and VEP recording was sufficiently efficient. In patients with optic neuritis a combination of BAEP and SEP was preferred. No abnormal recordings were found in 15 normal subjects examined by a

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The phenotypes of the complement factor C3 have been evaluated in 60 patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S.), and the results correlated to the occurrence of circulating immune complexes (CIC).A significantly increased frequency of the C3F‐gene was found among the patients, and closely associated with the occurrence of CIC.A relative risk incidence of 4.1 was found for C3F‐positive individuals among M.S. patients with detectable CIC.Low C3 levels in serum were found in 30% of the patients, and almost all belonged to the group without CIC and showed a C3‐type distribution similar to normal controls. A different immunological reaction pattern (type II reaction) in these patients seems possible, and a genetically determined immunological abnormality predisposing to M.S. is therefore sugg

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Italian studies presently available is reported to be between 3.3 and 19.5 per 100,000. All these studies, however, have been undertaken in populations exceeding 300,000 and probably offer underestimates of MS frequency. Current sanitary organization in Italy is inadequate for epidemiological search and many patients with MS may be overlooked when large populations are studied. So, accurate estimates of MS frequency are possible only as a result of intensive surveys in small population groups. Prevalence figures of 53 and 32 per 100,000 have been recently reported byDean et al.who studied the frequency of MS in small population groups in Sicily. The present study reports the results of a similar survey in the district of Copparo (population 45,153) in northern Italy. The prevalence of probable MS found in Copparo was 31 per 100,000. This result confirms the findings ofDean et al.in southern Italy and supportsDean'sopinion that the true frequency of MS in Italy as a whole is higher than that indicated by the Italian studies.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The patient reported here presented electrically silent rolling movements of the muscle under hand compression, myoedema and myotoniclike muscle responses to mechanical stimulation. These muscle contractions suggest a disturbance of the function of the myofibrillar apparatus. The neuromuscular syndrome of our case is similar to the muscular disorder described byTorbergsen(1975), but in addition histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the muscle showed morphological abnormalities not related to any specific muscle disease. Furthermore, a cerebellar syndrome attributed to a cerebellar atrophy was the patient's main complaint. Both the neuromuscular syndrome and the cerebellar disorder were semiologically independent of each other.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thyroid function was studied in 112 MS patients and 175 controls on the basis of T3, T4, T.B.G. and T.S.H. radioimmunoassays. In 33 MS patients the T.R.H. stimulation test was employed additionally. The MS patients had significantly increased T4 levels whereas T3 and T.S.H. were found to be significantly lower. No differences were found in the T.R.H.‐stimulated T.S.H. response. The changes in thyroid function parameters were similar in different courses of MS and did not correlate with the degree of clinical disability. The results suggest that in MS the T4/T3 conversion might be reduced as seen in acute or chronic disease

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The extravasation of endogeneous rat albumin and exogeneous125I‐labeled human serum albumin was compared in rats subjected to bicuculline‐induced blood‐brain barrier dysfunction.The correlation between rocket immunoelectrophoretic assays of endogeneous rat albumin and125I‐labeled human serum albumin, assayed by gamma scintillation counting, was good irrespective of whether125I‐labeled albumin was studied in whole brain tissue or in brain homogenates. The ratio of brain to serum albumin was similar with the two assa

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY