摘要:

ABSTRACTThis investigation was conducted to clarify the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Finland. A community survey was made in a selected area in southwest Finland in addition to an analysis of Finnish mortality statistics for Parkinson's disease. the annual mortality rate from Parkinson's disease was found to average 2 per 100,000 population. Almost 70 per cent of the deaths occurred between 65‐79 years of age. the total and age‐specific mortality rates for males were greater than those for females whereas the proportionate mortality rates were almost identical. This was considered to indicate that suggestions of greater male prevalence, based on mortality statistics, do not appear justified. On prevalence day, Dec. 31st, 1971, 484 patients with Parkinson's disease (of which 444 were personally examined) lived in the area of investigation (population 402,988), the prevalence rate being 120.1 per 100,000 population. the highest annual incidence rate was 16.6 per 100,000 population. the age‐specific prevalence rates showed a rapid increase after the 50th year of age. the greatest prevalence was shown by the age group 70–79 years of age in which almost 0.8 per cent of the population are affected. Age‐specific incidence rates also displayed an increase after the 50th year of age. the greatest incidence was observed in the age group 70–79 years of age in which almost 1 per 1,000 of the population are annually affected by the disease. A difference between the sexes was demonstrable in the prevalence and incidence rates showing greater values for females, but in the age‐specific frequencies the differences were reduced. This probably reflects the difference between the age structures of the male and female populations, suggesting that both sexes have a similar risk of being affected by the disease. the permanent age structure shown by idiopathic patients in comparison with previous investigations as well as the increased mean age and proportionate decrease of postencephalitic patients was found to be in disagreement with the cohort theory according to which all parkinsonian patients are previously victims of encephalit

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSeventy‐four patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, resistant to medication, who in 1960–1969 underwent unilateral temporal lobe resection at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. In only 12 patients was no etiological factor found. In three‐quarters of the patients a peri‐ or postnatal injury was the suspected etiology of the epilepsy; and in one‐third, a history of complications in the actual and/or abnormal outcome of a previous pregnancy was recorded. Only seven patients had experienced febrile convulsions. Patients with certain combinations of etiological factors, including encephalitis, have a poor prognosis regarding relief from seizures. Patients in whom an abnormal outcome of the mother's previous pregnancies is recorded have a poor prognosis as regards psychiatric normalization. Apart from this no correlation has been found between the surgical results and the numbers or types of the various etiologica

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree case histories are presented which are characterized by progressive, severe symptoms of mental and epileptic nature with EEG abnormalities of increasing severity culminating in “hypsarhythmia”. the seizures were resistant to any treatment over a period of several months. Apparently spontaneous cures followed, and the patients remained healthy during follow‐up, which ranged from 10 to 12 years. the observations confirm Lennox's remark that a miraculous cure may occasionally be expected in even severe, probably symptomatic, epilepsy. Some exogenous (infectious?) cause is susp

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPneumoencephalography was carried out in 23 patients with various muscular disorders, i.e. spinal neurogenic atrophy, classified as Wohifart‐Kugelberg‐Welander's and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth's diseases, and muscular dystrophy. EEG‐registrations and psychological testing were carried out. Pneumoencephalography revealed ventricular enlargement and cortical changes in 17 out of 23 cases. Changes were found in all three groups studied; cortical changes were, however, only found in the neurogenic atrophy groups. Cases where there clearly might be exogenous causes for ventricular dilatation were excluded. the changes found, therefore, supposedly form an integral part of the disease process. It should be emphasized that the precaution does not entirelyexcludea traumatic etiology in some cases. EEG‐registrations (pathological in three out of 20 cases) as well as psychological evaluation (pathological in six out of 14 cases) supported the assumption of organic brain changes. Pneumoencephalography, however, seemed to be the most sensitive parameter for unveiling brain involvement in these

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInvestigations were performed on cell cultures derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in order to trace a possible virus infection as a cause of the disease. Cell cultures were established from one brain autopsy specimen and four lymph node biopsies from MS patients. Lymphocytes from 28 MS patients and six healthy controls were used for fusion or cocultivation experiments, either immediately after isolation or after mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Lysolecithin fusion and cocultivation experiments were made with Vero cells and with, respectively: cultured brain cells, lymph node cells and lymphocytes from MS patients. Electron microscopical examination revealed intranuclear filamentous structures in 5 per cent of the cells in primary cultures of MS brain and lymph node and in control skin organ cultures. Multinucleated cells were found in six out of 19 cocultures of Vero cells and MS lymphocytes preincubated for 2 days at 37°C. the cultures were tested for the presence of viruses, i.e. measles virus and virus producing hemadsorption with human type O and/or guinea pig erythroeytes and virus against which the MS patients showed serum FA‐antibodies. No virus antigen could be demonstrated in the cel

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe presence of interferon (IF) was investigated in serum an cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from neurological patients. Significant titres of IF were found both in the serum and in the CSF in about half of the patients suffering from acute encephalitis and from multiple sclerosis (MS), but not in patients suffering from various non‐inflammatory disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) or in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and not in the serum of healthy blood donors. Significant IF titres in the CSF were regularly associated with significant titres in the serum, but the converse was not true. Interferon levels were not correlated to cell counts in the CSF; nor to concentration of IgG and albumin in serum and CSF; nor to presence of electrophoretically oligoclonal IgG patterns; nor to hemagglutinating and gel‐precipitation antibodies against measles. IF levels were lower in the serum of patients having reduced serum/CSF ratios for measle antibody than those with normal ratios. the data may indicate that MS is linked to factors which induce IF production in the

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY