摘要:

ABSTRACTA fluorescence histochemical method was applied to human skin biopsies for studying the extent of sympathetic adrenergic denervation after neurological lesions. Seven out of eight paraplegics had histochemically detectable adrenergic innervation in skin areas lacking sensibility and cutaneous vasomotor function. No adrenergic nerve terminals were found in skin biopsies from skin areas deprived of sensibility and vasomotor function in one paraplegic patient and two patients with perepheral nerve lesions. It is concluded that the histochemical method provides a means of differentiating between pre‐ and postganglionic lesions in the adrenergic sympathetic system supplying the ski

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe histochemical staining patterns of fibres in the gastrocnemius, soleus and anterior tibial muscles of the adult cat were investigated in serial sections stained for lipids, succinic dehydrogenase and NADH2tetrazolium reductase. In the gastrocnemius and anterior tibial muscles, fibres of four different staining patterns were described, three of which were regarded as corresponding to those of the FF, FR and S fibres defined in the cat byBurke et al. (1973). The fourth fibre type, which was not always recognized, showed a spectrum of staining properties intermediate between those of the presumed FF and FR fibres. In the soleus muscle the majority of fibres exhibited an appearance which was similar but not identical to that of the S fibres of the composite muscles. A small percentage of the soleus fibres showed atypical staining properties and were believed to correspond to the fast contracting units observed in this muscle (Hammarberg&Kellerth, in preparation). For all three muscles the relative proportion of different types of muscle fibres were calculated, as well as the distribution of fibre diameters within each type.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSerial sections of the soleus, gastrocnemius (G) and anterior tibial (TA) muscles of kittens varying in age between newborn and 10 weeks were stained for succinic dehydrogenase, NADH, tetrazolium reductase and lipids. In the TA and G muscles of the youngest kittens the fibres exhibited a marked heterogeneity and already during the first postnatal week a number of them could be referred to four staining patterns according to which all fibres were classifiable after six weeks of age. Three of these staining patterns were correlated with those of the adult fibre types defined byBurke et al. (1973). In both the TA and G muscles the fibres destined to become slow twitch fibres were among the largest fibres found in the newborn kitten, but among the smallest 10 weeks later, indicative of a more rapid growth of the fast twitch fibres during the second postnatal month. The soleus fibres showed a differentiation into various staining patterns during the first postnatal month after which they gradually achieved a more homogeneous appearance. One fibre type, whose numbers increased with age, showed the same staining pattern as the future slow twitch fibre of the TA and G muscles.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDecreased collagen biosynthesis by 10‐day‐old chick embryo tibiae was observed under the influence of sodium diphenylhydantoinate. A complex was formed by the drug and ferrous or ferric ions. An inhibition of the hydroxylation of14C‐proline and14C‐lysine may be a consequence of the binding of ferrous ions to the drug. In addition, a decreased incorporation of14C‐glucosamine was observed. A hampered collagen biosynthesis has also been observed to be effected by other drugs capable of producing a lupus‐li

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe clinical picture and the progression of the disease in 93 cases of progressive myoclonus epilepsy in Finland were analysed. The disease was familial in 25 out of 67 families. The incidence was calculated to be one in 27000 live‐born children, i.e. three new cases each year. The early development and health of the patients was normaI. The first obvious symptom of the disease occurring at the age of 6 to 15 years was either myoclonus or grand mal seizures, the other following later. The characteristic clinical picture also included ataxia, intention tremor, dysarthria as well as emotional lability, but only a slight decrease in the intelligence level. Raised arterial pressure was seen in 14 per cent of cases. Symptoms from other organs were generally lacking. Resistance to infectious diseases seemed to be lower than normally. The thickness of the skull was increased but other disturbances of hone were not found. The pneumoencephalograms did not show any clear atrophy of the brain. The most essential feature of the disease was myoclonus which was provoked by light, touch and other stimuli and it was an important sign for the diagnosis. The increase of myoclonus finally made the patient unable to move unaided and to take care of himself and rendered him bedridden and helpless, most frequently at the age of 17 to 18 years. The average age at death was 24 years, about 14 years after the appearance of the first symptoms. In some patients the progress of the disease came to a halt after many years and these patients sometimes lived for up to 20–30 years after the beginning of the disease. A thorough neuropathological examination was made in one case and in five other cases some autopsy specimens from the brain were examined. Biopsy specimens from other tissues such as peripheral nerves, liver and muscle were examined in 26 cases. The most outstanding feature of the brain was loss of Purkinje cells. No Lafora bodies were found and no other signs of pathological accumulating material. Thus the Finnish cases of progressive myoclonus epilepsy do not belong to the Lafora body type of the disease. Clinically they differ from this type mainly on the basis of the fairly high intelligence le

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to describe the characteristic features of the PME syndrome and their development during the progression of the disease, as well as to clarify the possible division of the patients into groups without interdependence on the basis of the EEG findings. Two hundred and six EEG's taken on 86 patients at the different stages of the disease were analysed, the patients being followed up for 6.7 years on the average. At the time of the recording the ages of the patients ranged from 6.6 to 46.7 years. Four patients were examined immediately after the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease. Some had been ill for more than 20 years. In order to elucidate latent and premorbid forms, EEG's were performed on the patients' parents and clinically healthy brothers and sisters. Thirty‐one parents and 22 brothers and sisters were examined. On the basis of this investigation, the following conclusions were drawn: All the EEG's showed generalized spike and wave paroxysms of 3–5 Hz and a distinct photosensitivity. The dominant activity was slower and more disorganized than normal. As the disease progressed, the EEG's became characterized by an increasing number of paroxysms with their maximal presentation migrating to the frontal areas, attenuation of alpha activity and increase of beta activity. The PME patients were photosensitive at all stages of the disease. The sensitivity to sound and tactile stimulation increased during the disease. In the grouping analysis, the main separators were the duration of the disease and the age of the patient. There was no grouping according to the patients. The recordings run at different times on the same patient were often scattered into distinct groups. During the early years of the disease, one third of the patients exhibited an abundance of alpha activity, which decreased and attenuated later. In sleep records, spike and slow wave paroxysms were found during sleep stage one. The recordings of the patients' parents showed changes, possibly associated with age. The EEG's of sisters and brothers over 15 years of age did not show disturbances to any remarkable degree. The EEG's of sisters and brothers under 15 years of age showed paroxysmal disturbances. Some of these might represent a premorbid form of the PME syndr

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAcute experimental hypertension induced by clamping of the thoracic aorta resulted in blood‐brain barrier dysfunction as revealed by extravasation of Evans blue‐albumin in 10 out of 13 dogs. The tracer distribution was similar to that found in animals with metaraminol‐induced hypertension, which supports the hypothesis that the high intravascular pressureper seand not any toxic drug effect is the factor that brings about increased permeability to protein tr

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT3H‐ethanol and125I‐antipyrine, freely diffusable substances that distribute in brain in proportion to blood flow, were used to indicate regional flow differences in cats with metaraminol‐induced acute hypertension. Areas with blood‐brain barrier dysfunction as indicated with Evans blue or sodium fluorescein extravasation had higher flow than non‐damaged areas suggesting a local failure of autoregulation. The results contradict the theory of vasospasm and ischaemia as the cause of permeability changes in acute hypertension but are consistent with the hypothesis that the vessels are mechanically damaged by the high intraluminal

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), basic protein (BP) and various measles antigens was studiedin vitroon “whole blood cultures” from MS patients and controls. Lymphocytes from both MS patients and controls did not transformin vitroin the presence of basic protein and measles antigens. Quantitative studies with a liquid scintillation technique after incorporation of tritiated thymidine showed impaired lymphocyte transformation with PHA in 9 out of 26 MS patients. There was a correlation between duration of the disease and transformation of lymphocytes from MS patie

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of Dantrium on skeletal muscle fibre by quantitative electromyographic analysis. Electromyographic data were obtained by means of surface electrodes from biceps and triceps brachii for constant muscle length with two different loads and both with and without the drug. The RMS voltages and power spectra were estimated under these two conditions, and the action potential interval of a given motor unit action potential as well as the duration, amplitude, energy content, width of the two phases, and the average conduction velocity were calculated. These data without the drug were compared to those with the drug and evaluated statistically. The results with the drug have indicated an increase in RMS value, a decrease in high frequency content, an increase in width of the phases and a decrease in the amplitude of the compound motor unit action potential. It was concluded that Dantrium has a pheripheral inhibitory effect on muscle fibres and it is possibly beyond the excitable surface membrane of the muscle fibres.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1974.tb02787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY