摘要:

Ion implantation of boron was substituted for the chemical deposition of boron in the manufacture of a bipolar integrated circuit. Then+p+test diodes were found to exhibit excessive reverse leakage while thep+ntest diodes behaved normally. This was attributed to the defect structures developed by the interaction of sequential diffusion with defect nuclei introduced by ion implantation. We have found that the low‐temperature annealing treatments which are used to return full electrical activity to the implanted atoms leave a high density of defect nuclei in the implanted area. When the silicon surface is subjected to wet oxidation, these defect nuclei expand to form stacking faults or dislocations loops of such size that they can be detected by chemical etching and optical microscopy. This technique has permitted us to determine the annealing temperatures necessary to eliminate these implantation‐induced defect nuclei. A model is presented to describe the manner in which defect nuclei are generated by ion implantation and the means by which these defects are expanded by subsequent oxidation.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663468

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A perturbed piezoelectric waveguide is constructed from a reference waveguide, which is specified by the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, by the coordinate transformation, or other methods. In the perturbed waveguide, coupling occurs between normal modes of the reference waveguide. Coupling phenomena are analyzed by transforming Maxwell's and Newton's equations into the variational expression of the phase constant of the normal mode and then by applying the Rayleigh‐Ritz method. As an example, the couplings between purely elastic waveguide modes are discussed; and then the two‐mode approximation is applied in the case when two modes are degenerate or nearly degenerate. Mode conversion phenomena are discussed and from the viewpoint of the network theory, the mode transfer matrix relating the complex amplitudes of the two modes along the waveguide is defined and developed.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663469

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The paper presents a study of various aspects of propagation in the TM01mode along a dielectric‐rod waveguide immersed in plasma. Expressions are derived and characteristics obtained for the dispersion relation, phase and group velocities, as well as power flow in and around the guide in the loss‐free case of propagation. The dispersion relation reveals that the TM01mode is the dominant one with backward wave characteristics for low negative values of &egr;p/&egr;d, where &egr;pand &egr;dare the dielectric constants of the plasma and the rod, respectively. The phase velocity is found to be always greater than the velocity of a plane wave in the rod medium if &egr;pis positive, while for its negative values the phase velocity can be either greater or less. From the point of view of power concentration, the structure acts as a very good surface waveguide, particularly for high negative values of &egr;p/&egr;d. The attenuation coefficient is subsequently derived by the standard perturbation method, assuming that both the plasma and the rod are slightly lossy. Finally, the possibility of using the waveguide as a plasma diagonostic tool is discussed, and it is shown how the results reported in the paper can be employed for determining the electron density and electron collision frequency for momentum transfer in a plasma.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663470

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Intense relativistic electron beams were propagated around a 180° toroidal sector to study beam dynamics in toroidal fields. The major beam drift under conditions for neutralization of self‐fields was along ‐ R × B and scaled as &ggr;Z/Bt, where Z is the propagated distance,Btthe toroidal field, and &ggr; the relativistic factor. This is indicative of curvature and∇Bdrifts. Use of conducting walls caused an additional F × B drift around the chamber due to image current forces. Analysis of the distortion of a propagating rectangular beam shows that beam electrons follow field lines. Preliminary experiments on counterstreaming beams show inefficient reflection of beams from opposing diodes. Application of these results to beam injection and confinement in toroidal magnetic fields is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663471

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An investigation of the interdiffusion between sputter‐deposited bilevel films of bcc Ta&sngbnd;Au, &bgr;‐Ta&sngbnd;Au, and Ta2N&sngbnd;Au has been carried out by using x‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electrical resistance measurements. In all three systems only the TaAu phase was observed to form. The temperature range of formation of the TaAu phase for the systems considered increased in the order &bgr;‐Ta, bcc Ta, and Ta2N. The resistance change for a given temperature increased in the order Ta2N, bcc Ta, and &bgr;‐Ta. It was concluded that the change of resistance occurred by three mechanisms: (1) diffusion of Ta into the Au grain boundaries, (2) diffusion of Ta into the Au bulk, and (3) transformation of the Au into a high‐resistivity TaAu phase. From the resistance measurements the kinetics of the formation of the TaAu phase were found to be diffusion controlled with the diffusion species moving through the TaAu phase grain boundaries.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663472

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Photoinduced discharge characteristics of the photoreceptors consisting of a poly‐n‐vinylcarbazole (PVK) layer sensitized with a thin carrier‐generation layer have been analyzed theoretically. The electric field in the PVK layer has been calculated by solving the three basic equations: the law of hole conduction with neglect of diffusion, the continuity equation with no trap, and Poisson's equation. After long time from light‐on, the surface voltage is determined by the hole charges drifting in the PVK layer; it decreases with timetas(3/4)(tT0/t)1/3, wheretT0is the hole transit time across the PVK layer at the initial electric field. The theory has been compared with measurements on the photoreceptors in which the carrier‐generation layer consists of amorphous Se or amorphous Se0.86Te0.14. The hole mobility in the PVK layer has been estimated to be 10−5cm2/V sec at an electric field of 106V/cm. When illuminated with a tungsten light, the Se0.86Te0.14‐PVK photoreceptors have shown an emission‐limited discharge current which is nearly proportional to the surface voltage and is 4 times as large as that of the Se‐PVK photoreceptors at 106V/cm.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663473

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We derive the shape which a solenoid must have to give, for the smallest possible volume of conductor, the desired value of magnetic field at a pointz0on its axis. To get a somewhat more complete picture of the field produced by the solenoids of such shape we study its behavior away from pointz0in the case of the cylindrical ``frame'' of radiusr0=2 cm and for a few values of the conductor volume.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663474

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The motion of an electron traversing the intense coherent electromagnetic field in the focal region of anf/0.5 aplanatic lens is calculated for the purpose of studying charged‐particle acceleration. The results are compared with two simplified plane‐wave models for this interaction. This comparison emphasizes the need to consider longitudinal field components and three‐dimensional spatial modulation that are absent in simple models. Plane‐wave results overestimate the electron energy gain by an order of magnitude.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663475

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The applications and theories of the insulated dipole and monopole are reviewed. A recent analysis of the insulated antenna in a relatively dense ambient medium is summarized and its predictions are shown to be in good agreement with an extensive new set of measurements of the distributions of current and charge and the driving‐point admittances of air‐insulated antennas in fresh and salt water. Four different thicknesses of insulation and lengths up to one wavelength are used. The attenuation due to radiation into fresh water is comparable with and even exceeds the attenuation due to dissipation in salt water. It increases with decreasing radius of the insulating cylinder. The effect of the junction between the feeding coaxial line and the insulated antenna is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663476

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The usual geometry of a spherically symmetric radial‐flow Pierce‐type gun is criticized and some shortcomings are underlined. The general equation defining the family of field forms ensuring third‐order radial flow is carried out and a particular solution is selected. The shape of electrodes providing the chosen field form is calculated in a simple and reliable way.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1663477

出版商:AIP    

年代:1974

数据来源: AIP