摘要:

A method for prediction of the spectrum observed with the laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) is developed. A detailed analysis of the spectrum observed with steady flows is presented. The effects of diffusive motion of the scattering centers, spatially varying velocities, finite transit time of the centers through the sample volume, and uncertainty in scattering vector are computed. The latter two effects are shown to be identical. A computation of the sample volume size and shape is made using the optical parameters of the system. The calculated linewidths and shapes are in good agreement with data taken on two independent LDF systems. The general formalism is also applicable to measurements made on turbulent fluids and diffusely reflecting solid objects. The special case of a static fluid (zero velocity) is considered in detail and the low angle correction to the conventional expressions used in laser ``beat‐frequency'' spectroscopy is developed.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660102

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An analytical form for the equation of state of water in the region 0.5–300 kbar is presented. The functional form of the equation was first proposed by Born to characterize the melting of crystalline solids, and is applied to water in the thermodynamic vicinity of the Hugoniot. The derived equation is equivalent to the Mie‐Gru¨neisen equation of state if the specific heat at constant volumeCVis taken as a constant. This restriction results in a simple expression for internal energy in terms of temperature and specific volume. This expression contains an undefined function of volume which is shown to be calculable from the available experimental data. The resulting formulation agrees with existing data for condensed states of water to a high degree of accuracy in the region from 0.5 to 300 kbar.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660103

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Equilibrium calculations were carried out on a computer for a system containing tungsten, bromine, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. The computer program receives as input the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation and the heat capacity as a function of the temperature for each species considered in the calculations. For initial fill and operating conditions compatible with those in actual tungsten bromine lamps, the concentrations of all components in any phase considered were calculated in the temperature range 500°–3500°K at 500° intervals under conditions of chemical equilibrium. The validity of these calculations on the lamp performance is based on the assumption of negligible departure from localized equilibrium and on the accuracy of the thermodynamic values used.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660104

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660105

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660106

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660107

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660108

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660109

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660110

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1660111

出版商:AIP    

年代:1971

数据来源: AIP