摘要:

Protoplasm becomes highly elastic, glutinous and fibrous, exhibits syneresis and changes from yellow to orange at the anode of an electric circuit. At the cathode, all properties are the opposite of those at the anode; the protoplasm becomes soft, lacks elastic, glutinous and fibrous qualities, shows no syneresis and becomes green in color. The change from the normal, which is intermediate, is due to the acid condition set up at the anode and the alkaline condition set up at the cathode. The anomalous (non‐Newtonian) behavior of protoplasm, as well as its other characteristic jelly properties (imbibition, syneresis, coagulation, thixotropy, etc.) are attributed to the structural continuity which is responsible for the elastic qualities.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745308

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Because of deviations from a truly cylindrical surface at the capillary wall or to an abnormal orifice at one end of the capillary, the value of the coefficient,m,of the kinetic energy correction may be abnormally high with one direction of flow while it remains quite normal with the other direction. This variation may even cause the value of the principal instrumental constant,C,to be slightly greater in one direction of flow than in the opposite. This effect has been shown to be definitely greater than experimental error and is thought to be due to a slight difference in the ``effective'' capillary radius in the two directions of flow. This study shows the necessity of determining bothmandCfor each direction of flow through the capillary. This suggests the use of two viscosity formulas: &eegr;=Clp0t−mlC′&rgr;/tfor ``left‐hand data,'' and &eegr;=Crp0t−mrC′&rgr;/tfor ``right‐hand data.'' Although a well‐constructed viscometer may not require this unusual precaution, with it any commercially made capillary viscometer may be used with the highest possible accuracy.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745309

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The results of viscosity measurements of a series of creosotes distilled from a single tar are given. It was found that these creosotes are truly viscous solutions which permits the designation of the data as absolute viscosity. The viscosity‐temperature data conform to two equations, one an empirical relationship previously found in an analogous series of crude oils, the other developed from theoretical considerations. It is remarkable that in spite of the complex nature of creosote, the viscosity data permit one to regard the material boiling below 355°C as solvent and the residue above that temperature as solute. This is not true for any other temperature limit customarily used in creosote analysis.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745310

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The surface tension of each of a series of creosotes distilled from a common tar has been determined at various temperatures. The surface tensions of the several creosotes do not differ substantially at any given temperature. Differences in the rates of penetration of such creosotes into capillary materials are regarded as due to differences in the viscosities or the solid‐liquid contact angles. The Langmuir theory of surface phenomena has been applied to explain the similarity of the surface tension values.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745311

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Measurements of interfacial tension against water of each of a series of creosotes distilled from a single tar are reported. It is found that the interfacial tension values of these creosotes varied as much as 30 percent although no definite trend was present which could be related to other physical properties. Two possible theories to explain the differences in the interfacial tensions are discussed.

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745312

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745314

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0021-8979    

DOI:10.1063/1.1745315

出版商:AIP    

年代:1935

数据来源: AIP