摘要:

AbstractThe use of African American as a new denomination for a group previously referred to as Black has rapidly become standard practice in American society. This paper analyzes how the introduction of African American in our ordinary language marks the elaboration of a new social reality. As the concept becomes part of our social life, it is transformed into a real “phenomenon” of social representation that formalizes behaviour and orients communication. Such a transformation requires that the new term infiltrates people's everyday lives sufficiently to concretize it into a common reality. The analysis presented here outlines three key processes in the emergence and formation of the social representation of African American. The first one isanchoringwhich familiarizes the new object by linking it with preexisting categories in our minds. The second process isobjectificationwhich assures the crystallization of the object. A figurative core is created to allow the projection of images. At this point people can talk about the object, and through communication the object takes on meaning. Thisnaturalizationis the third process to conclude the transformation of the object into a social reality. These steps have allowed African American to become the carrier for a modification of cognitions and broadening of attitudes concerning the gr

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPictures in historical chapters of textbooks convey information about the values and assumptions of the authors’professions and the larger culture. We scrutinized 15 recent abnormal psychology textbooks for reproductions of art created before 1900. Thirteen works appeared in three (20%) or more textbooks. Overall, these pictures support a “Whiggish” account of history that celebrates the present and gives a distorted, incomplete rendering of the past. The 13 pictures tended to depict the mentally ill as an underclass who are released from their literal and metaphorical shackles by men who are “ahead of their time” in their struggles against prevailing ignorance. The pictures also emphasized the difference of the mentally ill by presenting a catalogue of stereotypic visual elements attributed to insanity throughout Western history. We argue for the inclusion in textbooks of “history for the sake of the past” as a way of genuinely engaging different ideologies and thereby stimulating interest in ourownimplicit valu

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I wanted to put that picture before him, and hisacceptanceof the picture consists in his now being inclined to regard a given case differently: that is to compare it withthisrather thanthatset of pictures. I have changed hisway of looking at things.(Wittgenstein 1953, §144)Apictureheld us captive. (§ 11

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY