摘要:

AbstractThe fungal population in soil amended with 2.5, 5 and 10% sodium chloride, sodium chloride with either 5% organic matter or 1% Ca‐superphosphate and incubated at 25 °C was studied after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Sixty‐six species and 5 varieties belonging to 35 genera were isolated from the treated and untreated soils on glucose‐, cellulose‐ and 10% NaCl‐Czapek's agar at 25° or 45 °C. The total propagules, total counts ofAspergillusand counts 6f several species were significantly promoted with the low concentration of NaCl (2.5%) and decreased with the rise of NaCl levels. Also, the total counts of fungi were significantly flourished in soil amendment with sodium chloride when combined with organic matter or fertilizer after some storage periods. Several glucophilic, cellulose‐decomposing, xerophilic and thermophilic fungi were found to tolerate the previous conditions. The cellulolytic activities of most isolates tested were inhibited either by sodium chloride or combined with superphosphate and

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340502

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA derivative ofPseudomonas putidastrain PaW1 bearing the TOL plasmid pWW0 was isolated from a culture which has grown unlimited on toluene. In contrast to the parent strain PaW1, the derivative, strain CG220, is unable to grow with xylenes and toluates, while toluene and benzoate served as substrates. Strain CG220 had a remarkable growth advantage against the wild type when grown with toluene. Biochemical analysis showed that in strain CG220 toluene was metabolised through the TOL plasmid upper pathway to benzoate and the latter to amphibolic intermediates by the chromosomal encodedortho‐cleavage pathway. No activities of the TOL plasmid encoded toluate dioxygenase and catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase were detectable in strain CG220. No reversion of strain CG220 to growth with xylenes or toluates was observed. Hybridisation experiments with TOL plasmid‐derived gene probes and oligonucleotides revealed that genesxy/Y toxy/G were absent, whilexy/X andxy/K were still pr

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340503

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340504

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐six species belonging to 15 genera of keratinophilic fungi were collected from 50 soil samples gathered from different places of Yemen by using hair fragments as baits at 28 °C. Six species of true dermatophytes were collected:Arthroderma lenticulare(=Trichophyton terrestre), Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. equinum, T. rubrum, T. soudanenseandMicrosporum gypseum. Numerous Keratinophilic fungi were isolated namely:Aphanoascus terreus(=Chrysosporium indicum), Aphanoascus species( =C. tropicum), A. fulvescens( =C. keratinophilum), Chrysosporium pannicola, C. pruinosum, C. carmichaelii, C. lucknowense, C. xerophilum, C. asperatum, Athroderma cuniculi( =C. anamorphofArthroderma cuniculi),A. curreyi( =C. anamorphofArthroderma curreyi) andPectinotrichum Ilanense( =C. anamorphofPectinotrichum Ilanense). The commonest saprophytes in order of frequency were member of the generaAspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium, UlocladiumandMacrophomi

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340505

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340506

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn insertional mutant was isolated from a bovineStaphylococcus aureusstrain after membrane‐mating with aStreptococcus faecalisstrain carrying conjugative plasmid pCF10: : Tn925. This mutant, designated RC128, showed enhanced production of α‐hemolysin and proteases and decreased production of coagulase, extracellular protein A, DNase, lipase and δ‐hemolysin. No difference was found in the production of β‐hemolysin. Both, Southern blot analysis and transfer of the pleiotropic mutant phenotype by transduction, indicated that the mutation was originated from a single insertion of transposon Tn925. The LD50 determined by intraperitoneal administration in mice showed that mutant RC128 was slightly less virulent than its paren

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340507

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhomopsis sapotaeandP. psidiiare known to cause severe fruit rot diseases ofAchras sapotaandPsidium quajavafruits respectively. Among all tested phenolic compounds, α‐naphthol (50 ppm) and guaiacol (250 ppm) caused complete inhibition of mycelial growth ofPhomopsis sapotaeandP. psidii. Achras sapotaandPsidium quajavafruits treated with α‐naphthol (50 ppm) and guaiacol (250 ppm) did not show any disease symptoms and hence complete inhibition of polygalacturonase, pectinmethylgalacturonase and cellulase enzyme was recorded in both the fruits. Pyrocatechol and phloroglucinol were least inhibitory in checking the mycelial growth, rot development and enzyme secretion in both the tested fruits. Generally these parameters were decreased by increasing the concentration of each phenolic compound in both the

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340508

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the lipid variation of Xenorhabdus nematophilusN24 andXenorhabdus luminescensHP88 grown at different temperatures (25 °C, 18 °C and 5 °C). In both strains phosphatidylethanolamine was identified to be the major phospholipid accounting about 80% of lipid phosphorus. InX. luminescensHP88 a significant portion of cardiolipidin was found. The major fatty acid found was palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1). However, lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), C17 cyclopropane acid (C17‐cy) and stearic acid (C18:0) were also detected. Decreasing growth temperatures from 25 °C to 18 °C was accompanied by increase in percentage of unsaturated fatty acid C16:1 at the expense of saturated fatty acids like C16:0, C18:0 and C17‐cy. Further decrease in temperature to 5 °C led to decline in C17‐cy in favour of C16:1 inX. nematophilusN24 but it could hardly get any change in fatty acid composition ofX. lumi

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340509

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA microbial consortium capable of converting 2,4‐D with a maximum rate of 0.18 h−1under chemostatic conditions was shown to be unable to further utilize this compound after nonchlorinated aromatics were simultaneously supplied. After a long term cultivation on aniline and 2,4‐D under chemostatic conditions, 2,4‐D remained almost unmetabolized and the culture could not be reactivated to use 2,4‐D as a sole source of carbon and energy. However, phenol pulses did not disturb growth on 2,4‐D when the latter was supplied in a carbon substrate‐limited manner at a rate lower than that used in the precultivation phase. Phenol even remained unmetabolized after one day of treatment. Wash‐in of phenol to a culture growing on an excess of 2,4‐D did not lead to a disturbance of growth either, but to a sequential consumption of both. These results are discussed in terms of metabolic incompatibility in the conversion of chlorinated and non‐chlorinated aromatics and regulatory thres

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340510

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChlorate‐resistant (ChlR)mutants SM11and SM25of the cyanobacteriumSpirulina majorwere produced by N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (NTG)1) mutagenesis. Strain SM11showed nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities equal to the SMP(parent) whereas SM25had about 45% NR and 78% GS as compared to SMP. However, the uptake of nitrate or ammonia was almost equal in SMP, SM11and SM25. ChlRstrains differed physiologically between themselves, SM11being blocked in uptake system of chlorate (Chl up−) and was not defective in NR or GS, while SM25showed chlorate uptake (Chl up−) and was defective in NR (NRdef) and GS (GSdef). Thus strain SM11resembles SMPexcept that the latter is chlorate sensitive. This is the first report of defective NR in any filamentous, non‐heterocystous, non‐nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium. Defective chlorate uptake not accompanied by defective NO 3−uptake has also been

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620340511

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY