摘要:

AbstractUtilization of various phosphonates as source for phosphorus by the glyphosate degrading strainPseudomonasspec. GS was investigated. Metabolites of phosphonate degradation were characterized indicating the cleavage of the C—P‐bond as primary step of breakdown.The phosphonate N‐(phosphonomethyl)‐4′‐nitroazobenzene‐4‐amine (azophon) was characterized as a suitable substrate for detection of C—P‐bond splitting activityin vivo.Pseudomonascells permeabilized by toluene treatment were also capable of phosphonate degradation whereas noin vitroactivity of a putative C—P‐bond cleaving enzyme was detectabl

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310602

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310604

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMycobacterium fortuitumNRRL B‐8119 transformes sterols into 9 alpha‐hydroxy‐androsta‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (9OH‐AD) at high efficieny. Cells strongly aggregate to the surface of the sterol particles forming stable agglomerates (“substrate immobilized cells”). Substrate uptake and product formation were studied as function of the size of the sterol particles. Using particle sizes comparable with the size of the mycobacterial cells (>5μm) highest rates were found for both the substrate uptake and the product formation. After mechanical reinforcement of the contact between mycobacterial cells and the sterol substrate by co‐grinding of the components, a significantly increased product formation was observed. Associated cells and cell‐sterol agglomerates were investigated by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy. The micrographs obtained demonstrate that cells ofM. fortuitumare growing into the sterol microcrystallite. The uptake of the sterol substrate is assumed to take place via direct contact between cells and the substrate particles. To understand the transport mechanism a model is proposed that includes a flexible multicomponent mesophase (FMCM) which is placed between cells and particles and which mediates the sterol uptake. The putative FMCM is assumed to be composed of mycobacterial glycolipids, extracellular biolipids, synthetical de

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310605

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProperties of external and internal β‐glucosidases and glucoamylase ofArxula ademinivoranswere compared. For the purification of enzymes, the C‐catabolite derepression mutant SBUB 724/41 was used. The following Km‐values for β‐glucosidases with cellobiose as substrate were measured: 14.3 mm (external β‐glucosidase I), 4.1 mm, Ixternal β‐glucosidase I), 5.0 mm (internal β‐glucosidase II), 3.0 mm (external β‐glucosidase II). The Km‐values of the glucoamylase for maltose were 4.6 mm (internal enzyme), 11.1 mm (external enzyme), and for starch 0.32 g/1 and 1.2 g/1, respectively.Both external β‐glucosidases showed a relatively sharp pH‐optimum in a range from 4.5 to 5.5 while that of internal enzymes was between 5.5 and 6.0. No differences were obtained between pH‐optima (4.5‐5.5) of internal and external glucoamylase. The temperature optimum values of internal β‐glucosidase I (40°C) and of internal β‐glucosidase II (50°C) were remarbably low compared with those of the external β‐glucosidases (60–63°C) and both glucoamylases (60°C).Molecular mass of 570 kD for the external and of 290 kd for the internal β‐glucosidase I, on the one hand, and of 525 kD and 180 kD for the internal β‐glucosidase II on the other hand were determined. The external gucoamylase consists of two subunits with a molecular mass of 110 kD. After deglycosylation a molecular mass of 76 kD was measured, indicating a carbohydrate content of 30%. whereas for the int

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310606

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate the synthesis of approximately 65 [35S]‐methionine‐labelled soluble proteins between 0 and 10 min after the start of germination, of approximately 210 proteins at 10–20 min, and of approximately 260 proteins during vegetative growth ofBacillus subtilis.When actinomycin d and [35S]‐methionine were administered at the onset of germination and the proteins synthesized during the subsequent 15 imn were analyzed, two proteins were detected, and were designated protein I and protein II. Immunoblot analysis with an antiserum raised against RNA polymerase fromEscherichia colidemonstrated that protein II corresponded to the σAfactor ofBacillus subtilis.Thus, the σAfacter is synthesized during early germination ofBacillus subtilisin the presence of ac

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310607

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐two species belonging to 11 genera of zoosporic fungi were collected from 10 freshwater sites and from five species of leeches on sesame and hemp seeds, maize grains andPinuspollen grains as baits at 22°C.Dictyuchus, Achlya, Pythium, AllomycesandSaprolegniawere the most common genera. The highest population of zoosporic fungi was estimated fromBatracobdelloides tricarinata, the lowest fromBarbronia assiuti.In addition fifty‐three species and 1 variety representing 23 terrestrial fungal genera were identified on glucose (17 genera and 41 species) and cellulose (20 genera and 34 species + 1 variety) Czapek's Dox agar at 28°C. The most common species on the two media wereAspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Trichoderma harzianum, Gibberella fujikuroiandPenicillium chrysogenum.Some fungi were common only on cellulose agar medium such asBotryotrichum atrogriseum, Chaetomium bostrychodes, Dactylella alaskanaandDrechslera halodes.Batracobdelloides tricarinatawas the richest with terrestrial fungi whereasSalifa delicatawas the poorest.Five leech species, namelyAlboglossiphonia polypompholyx, Batracobdelloides tricarinata, Helobdella conifera, Barbronia assiutiandSalifa delicatawere used during this investig

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310608

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA virus‐like particle (VLP) of 42 nm diameter was isolated from the lipolytic microorganismGeotrichum candidum.The VLP contains a linear double‐stranded RNA molecule of 1.70 μm in length. Proteins of VLP were studied by polyacryl amide gel electrophor

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310609

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey is given of possible solutions and open‐ended questions in the biotransformation of steroids (without side chain degradation of sterols) by using immobilized cells. The data of literature between 1975 and 1990 and results of preliminary experiments from the microbial, biochemical, biophysical, physiological, as well as the biotechnological point of view are summarized and discusse

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310610

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310613

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0233-111X    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620310616

出版商:Wiley‐VCH    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY