摘要:

The ability to see visual detail in objects moving at angular velocities ranging from 20° to 150° per second was examined in 492 male and female Ss, age range 20 to 80 years. Dynamic visual acuity declined with age, and was generally poorer in females than in males. Sex differences in visual and auditory acuity are ascribed to influences of training and experience. Some implications are made concerning the effects of peripheral variables upon performance in psychological tests. Groups differing in dynamic visual acuity obtain different scores in tests such as Raven's Matrices but show little difference in verbal tests. It is suggested that some of the decline in ability which occurs with age in certain tests may be due to changes in efficiency of the visual processe

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255578

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An account is given of some Russian experiments on the use of an induced state of relaxation in the learning of foreign languages. Evidence is presented that a method of auditory intake in a relaxed state followed by rehearsal of foreign language vocabulary led to better short and long‐term recall than did more conventional methods of study. The relaxation method was compared favourably with the more standard procedure in Russia of learning during sleep (hypnopedia

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255579

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tests were made of the roles of reinforcement and S‐R contiguity in paired‐associate learning by the use of classical and instrumental conditioning paradigms. Simple comparison in Exp. 1 showed the instrumental procedure to be superior, as predicted. In Exp. 2 the mean delays of reinforcement over successive blocks of 10 correct trias with the classical procedure were imposed on an instrumental group for comparable trials; there was no significant difference in mean speed of response, but the classical group made fewer errors. A second classical group was trained with mean intervals between stimulus and response items matched with those of the instrumental grop; there was no significant difference between the groups in speed of respo

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255580

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Groups of 12 rats were trained to run a straight alley with between‐trial stimulus variation in start box and runway, to reduce stimulus satiation, or in the goal box, to allow exploration. As compared with a control group, the stimulus variation was only effective in the start box and runway. There was also evidence for superior performance with dissimilarity between runway and goal box stimul

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255581

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper sets out to fill a gap by providing a quick method, with few restrictions, for testing whether the difference between a pair of proportions is significant. Alternative methods are noted and their limitations mentioned briefly. The technique presented here depends on a set of tables based on Zubin's t. It may be applied to any nominal data that can be arranged in 2 × 2 contingency tables. There is an illustration of how the method may be used including a caution about its indiscriminate application

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255582

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A selection of ability, social class and personality measures were administered to a large, representative sample of boys attending 5th grade in 1957, and scores on these variables wee correlated with indices of the subsequent educational attainments of 343 of the boys. These data were factor analyzed and six main factors were identified. It was found that ability, social class and interpersonal competence factors were the most important for educational achievement and for most cases of leaving school at an early age. The results are seen as very similar to comparable American studies.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255583

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between information input and response time was studied during extended practice, using visual stimuli of up to ten bits of information per stimulus. Response time was found to be directly related to information input and the relationship was found to persist after practice, contrary to findings reported in several recent studies. On the final trial a secondary auditory task was introduced. Performance on this task was inversely related to the information content of the primary task, which showed a significant decrement when both tasks were performed concurrently. Five hypotheses derived from earlier work are examined in the light of the results obtained.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255584

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measures of external control,n Ach, debilitating anxiety, facilitating anxiety, social desirability, intolerance of ambiguity, extraversion‐introversion, neuroticism, nonverbal ability, verbal ability, and field‐independence were intercorrelated for a group of 84 male and female undergraduates (Group A). Measures of external control,n Ach, and test anxiety were intercorrelated for an older group of 199 male and female undergraduates (Group B). Results indicated a tendency for external control subjects to be relatively high in anxiety and neuroticism. Females in Group A were relatively high in external control. Sex differences were obtained in relationships between variables, particularly those involving social desirabil

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255585

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of reversible figures have shown consistently that the reversal rate tends to increase with observation time. This phenomenon was examined using a 3‐dimensional rotating cube, and measuring the duration of each change separately. It was found that the mean duration of the veridical aspect decreased curvilinearly, while the illusory reversal time remained constant. An explanatory model was developed in terms of “conditioned satiation”. Some of the implications of the model have been tested experimentally and the results are rep

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255586

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255587

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY