摘要:

An experiment was designed to test incremental and all‐or‐none conceptions of associative learning in a situation where each of 2 responses was equally reinforced with a stimulus complex consisting of 2 3‐letter nonsense syllables. It was found that all‐or‐none theory was more applicable to the learning of a stimulus complex than was incremental theory, at least where the number of learning trials was small; that with the type of stimulus display used 5s associated responses equally to the 2 members of the stimulus complex; and that there was constraint between correct responses made to the 2 members of the stimulu

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255568

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of the kinesthetic aftereffect have involved judgments of shape, tilt, width and limb position. The relationship between tilt aftereffects and aftereffects of limb position are demonstrated in this investigation. A kinesthetic aftereffect similar in nature to the tilt aftereffect but without movement during stimulation is described. Details of the conditions of stimulation, the size of the effect and the technique of measurement are given. A number of advantages in the use of this technique are suggested.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255569

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A questionnaire measure was administered in 3 successive years to samples of a metropolitan population in an endeavour to assess the prevalence of mental or emotional disturbance. In each sample approximately one quarter of the respondents manifested symptoms of disturbance; rates were lowest for males and for married respondents.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255570

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both Eysenck and Spence would agree that introverted neurotic 5s should condition readily whereas extraverted normal 5s should condition poorly. By careful selection two adult male good conditioners and two adult male poor conditioners were found who conformed to these personality requirements. Over a period of two years these four individuals were subjected to nine eyeblink conditioning and extinction sessions at intervals of approximately three months, involving the following operations: generalization; backward conditioning; inhibition; disinhibition; drug effects; massed and spaced reinforcements; verbally induced anxiety. The findings were discussed in terms of inhibition theory and the eventual linking of data derived from chronic conditioning experiments in man with their clinical and other concomitants.It was further suggested that such studies might lead to methodological bridges between the chronic, statistically naive, small sample studies characteristic of the Soviet Union and the acute, statistically sophisticated, group studies of the West.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255571

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been shown that performance on the Shipley‐Hartford Retreat Scale (SH) is related to chronological age. However, there are no norms for ages over 20 years. Using 200 “normal”Ss aged from 16 to 65 years, a multiple regression equation was calculated for the prediction of SH Abstraction score from chronological age and SH Vocabulary score. Thetvalues associated with the regression coefficients were significant at the .001

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255572

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main approaches to the assessment and investigation of motor performance are briefly reviewed and the current explanation of the nature of human skills in terms of engineering concepts is discussed. In relation to motor skills in particular, an attempt is made to discuss the findings of experimental and other studies in terms of the underlying organization of muscle activity. It is proposed that a key feature of motor skill is the consistency of the movement pattern and the implication of this is discussed for an explanation of the development of handedness.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255573

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In some recent perceptual defence studies demonstrating positive effects, the Mathews‐Wertheimer “pure” index served as the paradigm response measure assumed to control for the effects of response bias. This index contains some expository ambiguities and logical inconsistencies. An improved alternative is proposed. The application of the improved index to new data yielded no evidence for perceptual defence effects. These findings support the argument that the positive results obtained through the use of this index in its original form could be artifa

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255574

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

GSR conditioning with a UCS‐CS interval of 700 msec. and a CS‐UCS interval of 3300 msec. respectively in two experiments was compared for two groups of 20Ss trained with a long (2300 msec.) and a short (200 msec.) shock as UCS. The aim was to clarify in part the roles of delay, direction, and amount, aspects of offset reinforcement which had been completely confounded in a previous study. Comparisons with control groups run at 5000‐msec. and 10000‐msec. UCS‐CS intervals respectively in Experiments I and II indicated conditioning with both the 700‐msec. UCS‐CS and the 3300‐msec. CS‐UCS intervals. The lack of significant differences between the short‐ and long‐UCS conditions in both experiments was taken to indicate that: (a) direction was important and possibly crucial; (b) delay and amount were equally important under forward direction; (c) delay and amount probably interacted with direction, the first two aspects being important only when

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255575

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evolution andkfodijicationof Behavior. Konrad Lorenz. London. Methuen. 1966. 121. Stg. 25s.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255576

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acquisiton of Skill. A. Bilodeau (Ed.). Academic Press.Theory of Motivation. R. C. Bolles. N.Y. HarperStudies in Cognitive Growth. A collaboration at the Center for Cognitive Studies. J. S. Bruner, R. R. Olver, P. M. Greenfield, and others.Ability Structure and Subgroups in Mental Retardation. J. Clausen.Group Values through Children's Drawings. W. Dennis.Self‐evaluation: Concepts and Studies. J. C. Diggory.Textbook of Elementary Psychology. E. Galanter. San Francisco. Holden‐Day.Experience, Structure and Adaptability. 0. J. Harvey.Motivated Learning: A Developmental Study from Birth to the Senium. M. E. Hebron.Modern Perspectives in Child Psychiatry. J. D. Howells, (Ed.). Edinburgh and London.Interpersonal Perception: A Theory and a Method of Research. R. D. Laing, H. Phillipson, and A. R, Lee.Psycholinguistic Papers: The Proceedings of the 1966 Edinburgh Conference. J. Lyons and R. J. Wales (Eds.).Test Theory. D. Magnusson. Reading. Addison‐Wesley.Psychological Principles Appropriate to Social and Clinical Problems. J. C. Raven.Human Information Processing: Individuals and Groups Functioning in Complex Social Situations. H. M. Schroder, M. J. Driver, and S. Streufert.The Nature of Psychology: a selection of papers, essays and other writings by the late Kenneth J. Craik. Edited by S. L. Sherwood.Daydreaming: An Introduction to the Experimental Study of Inner Experience. J. L. Singer.Basic Analysis of Inner Psychological Functions. E. Szdkely.The Social Psychology of Social Movements. H. Toch.The Psychology of Set. D. N. Uznadze. (Trans. B. Haigh.)Depth Psychology. A Critical History. D.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536708255577

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY