ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259485

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although environmentalism is now a major social and political issue in most Western democracies, relatively little is known about the psychological and attitudinal correlates of environmental concern. In this study, the relationship between environmental attitudes, political and economic conservatism, and traditional morality were investigated in a large (N= 621) student sample. We expected and found that greater environmental concern was positively correlated with more radical political views, lack of religiosity, and more libertarian attitudes on various ethical and moral issues. Surprisingly, we also found a small but significant correlation between belief in extremist “doomsday” environmental scenarios and religiosity, suggesting a possible link between these absolutist, “closed” belief systems. Given the parallel rise of environmentalism and conservatism during the past decade, the results suggest that for some, environmentalism may serve as the acceptable focus of general anti‐establishment attitudes and ideology in periods of con

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259486

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes a study of the information search patterns used by decision makers to make choices among options with unknown outcomes. The study involved 48 students from Flinders University and Melbourne University who were administered 25 decision trials on which they could win or lose money. Information search behaviour was measured by the DEAN procedure (Ball&Mann, 1991), a process‐tracing package for recording and analysing information search patterns for problems presented in decision matrix format. The relationship between information search behaviour and risky choice was examined. It was found that the individual's search processes and strategies are related to the nature of subsequent choices. Individuals who searched little information were more likely to choose risky, money‐losing options. The findings, which demonstrate consistency between search and choice, indicate that different parts of the decision‐making process are coh

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259487

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is a need for contemporary measures of attitudes to minority groups in Australia. The present study presents survey evidence from a random sample of the Perth metropolitan area (N= 257) concerning attitudes to Aborigines, Asians, and women. Two new scales are developed, measuring attitudes to Aborigines and to Asians. One extant scale—the Women in Society Questionnaire—is used to measure attitudes to women. Results from reliability and factor analyses are presented for each scale, as is a breakdown of scale scores by a variety of demographic variables. It is concluded that the three scales are each useful for further applied work in the a

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259488

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gender differences in alcohol expectancies for self and male or female others were investigated. A total of 121 female and male undergraduates completed the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ) and a questionnaire that examined their beliefs about the effects of drinking on men and women. The subjects then rated on 12 scales same or opposite sex individuals taking part in a videotaped social interaction. The subjects' beliefs about how much alcohol the person they were rating had chosen to drink before taking part in the interaction was manipulated. It was found that only on the Arousal and Aggression scale of the AEQ did the male and female subjects rate themselves differently. It was also found that both male and female subjects expected men to become more aggressive, and women more sexually responsive, after drinking. The videotape ratings showed that individuals do hold different expectancies for others who have been drinking and that these influence how that person is evaluated. The findings are discussed in relation to self‐other bias and gender‐related expectati

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259489

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Beliefs about hazards and subjective evaluations of risky activities and environmental conditions were studied in three countries, employing a quasi‐experimental psychometric approach. The recent data collection in Australia continues previous research conducted in Germany and New Zealand. The aim of the project is to analyse the cognitive structure of judgments about the magnitude and the acceptability of risks to which individuals are exposed, to identify the relevance of hazard characteristics, and to compare risk judgments across cultural contexts. This relates to both societal groups and to countries in which risk issues in general, as well as particular types of risk, have different salience. The Australian results‐like previous findings from other countries‐demonstrate the considerable influence of psychological aspects on judging risks and the societal and cultural determination of risk evaluations. People with a “technological”, “monetarian”, “ecological”, or “feminist” orientation differ considerably in their responses.The findings improve the understanding of individual risk perception and are also valuable for applied tasks, such as improving information and communication about controversial r

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259490

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A large literature addresses the validity of androgyny and sex‐typing as predictors of human behaviour, but research has been hampered by the lack of a precise methodology for operationalising these constructs. The principal components model (PCM) provides an exact operationalisation of these constructs, but has not yet been empirically contrasted with alternative nonexact methodologies. For six independent samples (71 Greek and 89 American college undergraduates; 29 Illinois and 38 Texas general internists; 396 male and 431 female American college undergraduates), the PCM had the greatest estimated split‐half reliability for both constructs. The PCM also produced more, more reliable, and more sensitive classifications into the four‐fold typology than did the median‐split method. Findings highlight the importance of using culturally‐appropriate measures of instrumentality and expre

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259491

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Subjects read single sentences that referred either to typical or atypical instruments used to perform some action, or that made no reference to instruments. In recognition memory tests after either 5 or 10 minutes delay, hit rate for typical and atypical instruments did not differ, but discriminative memory was poorer for typical instruments. Latency was slower to inferred or guessed instruments (false alarms) than to explicitly mentioned typical and atypical instruments (hits). In recall tests, correct responses and discriminative memory were better for typical than for atypical instruments after delays of both 10 minutes and 3 days. Response latencies were slower for false alarms than for correct responses at a 10‐minute delay, but there was no difference after a 3‐day delay. The results demonstrate the role of schema in memory for single sentences, and support a model of memory that incorporates a separate representation of explicitly presented and inferred typical informat

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259492

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gender bias is proposed as an example of an automatic categorisation process, which precedes more controlled processes of causal attribution. It was hypothesised that gender bias affects supervisors' responses to subordinate behaviour only when outcomes are expected. To test this hypothesis, 252 subjects rated descriptions of performance by male and female subordinates which varied in performance outcome and consistency. Results supported the hypothesis, but more strongly for success outcomes. Implications for the attributional model of supervisor‐subordinate relations are discusse

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259493

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539408259494

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY