摘要:

A variation of the method of paired comparisons was used to investigate the Delbouf illusion. Significant variation in the magnitude of the illusion including positive and negative effects was noted. This variation did not differ significantly from a formula proposed by Piaget for describing this type of illusion. The method achieved an accuracy of the order of 1\160 in. within the range of variation of the illusion using 69 cases. The obtainable accuracy depends largely on the number ofSs available. The reliability of the method by the Gulliksen‐Tukey formula was 8

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255514

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the effect on goal‐setting behaviour of varying both payoffs and costs inalevel of aspiration situation. Payoffs were defined as “high” when points awarded for success equalled actual performance, and as “low” when points awarded for success equalled stated level of aspiration. Costs were defined as “high” whenSobtained zero points after failure, and as “low” whenSobtained points equal to actual performance after failure. Results show that mean goal discrepancy scores are higher and mean attainment discrepancy scores are lower when payoff is low rather than high, and when cost is low rather than high. Differences are greatest when a low payoff‐low cost condition is compared to a high payoff‐high cost condition. Results are discussed in relation to decision theoretical approaches to the analysis of factors involved in level of

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255515

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tests were made of the possibility that amount of reinforcement in a simple learning situation has the same effect with human Ss as with subhuman Ss. Common paired associates were learned, with speed of response as the measure of performance, and amount of reinforcement was varied through the exposure time of the correct response item. In Exp. I performance was superior with less reinforcement, but a confounding factor was the varying rhythm of the sounds of the exposure apparatus as response items were presented and removed. When this was held constant in Exp. II the results were similar to those obtained with lower animals, except that a reduction in amount of reinforcement late in training did not lead to a significant decrement in performance.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255516

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The measurement of intersensory facilitation, arising when ambient light modifies the subjective estimation of gustatory intensity differences, was attempted. Artificial light at two intensities and citric acid at concentrations of ·00115, ·00100 and ·00085 gm/ml in tap water were used with 24 Ss, mean age 20·9 years. Mean relative intensity ratings fitted a linear trace decay model almost exactly, leaving a very small superimposed intersensory effect. Examination of significant heteroscedasity (p<.00001) in results related to changes in illumination showed large intersubject differences; some Ss showed consistent facilitation and others a consistent opposite effect with increased illumination. The intersensory effect is probably multiplicative on perceived intensities, and not consistent with a simple absolute threshold shift eff

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255517

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent neurophysiological data have suggested that kinesthetic judgments of position do not involve the receptor elements of the muscles but only those of the joints. An hypothesis derived from this finding has been tested in four experiments in which the degree of muscular involvement was systematically varied during constant spatial stimulation to induce a kinesthetic spatial aftereffect. Two or three levels of muscular involvement were introduced during the stimulation phase and their potentials monitored and recorded electromyographically. The data show that the magnitude of the aftereffect remains constant with wide variation in muscular activity during stimulation.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255518

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment using three groups of naive Ss showed that under open viewing conditions judgments of a slanted ellipse varied significantly depending upon whetherSwas instructed to judge the objective, projective or “apparent” shape of the stimulus. It is concluded that the mean “apparent” judgment is not an artifact arising from someSs responding in terms of objective and others in terms of projective judgments. Nor is there evidence that anySvacillated between these two criteria on his several trials when making “apparent” judgments. Experimental evidence supports the view that someSs are able to give a unique and consistent “apparent”

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255519

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A replication of a study by Eysenck&Eysenck confirms their finding that Extraversion items from the M.P.I, and elsewhere produce two clusters when factor analysed. The common characteristics of the clusters are sociability and impulsiveness respectively. A method of testing Eysenck&Eysenck's factor interpretation of their results is suggested.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255520

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Systems of Psychotherapy: A Comparative StudyD. H. Ford and H.B. Urban. New York. Wiley. 1963. xii + 712. No price givenInterpreting Personality Theories.Ledford J. Bischof, New York. Harper&Row. 1964. ix + 094. No price givenConcepts of Personality.Joseph M. Wepman&Ralph W. Heine (Eds.). London. Methuen. 1964. xxix + 514. English price £3. 10s. 0dVerbal Behavior and Learning: Problems and Processes. C. N. Cofer and Barbara S. Musgrave (Eds.). New York. McGraw‐Hill. 1963. x + 397. $8.50Television and Human Behavior: Tomorrow's Research in Mass Communication.L. Arons and M. A. May (Eds.). N.Y. Appleton‐Century Crofts. 1963. xiv 307. $7.50Game Theory and Related Approaches to Social Behavior.M. Shubik (Ed.). New York. Wiley. 1964. xii+390. Paper. Australian price £2.2s. 6dMotivation as Related to Personality.Dorothy Rethlingshafer. New York. McGraw‐Hill. 1963. vii 388. $7.95History, Psychology and Science: Selected Papers.E. G. Boring. New York. Wiley. 1963. xii + 372. Australian price £4.9s. 6dA Study of Brief Psychotherapy.D. H. Malan. No. 8 of the series Mind and Medicine Monographs, edited by Michael Balint. C. Thomas and Tavistock Publications. 1963. 312. Australian price £2.17s. 9dReason and Violence.R. D. Laing and D. G. Cooper. London. Tavistock. 1964. 184. English price 25sSanity Madness and the Family.R. D. Laing and A. Esterson. Vol. I. London. Tavistock. 1964. vii + 272. English price 30sConditioning and EnuresisS. H. Lovibond. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1964. vii + 219. English price £2. IOS. odA Two Year Old Goes to Nursery School.Marjorie G. Janis. London. Tavistock Publications. 1964. xi + 156. English price 25sPsychology in the Making: Histories of Selected Research Problems.Leo Postman (Ed.). New York. Knopf. 1962. viii+785+xxxiv. $9.00Children in the Nursery School.Dorothy E. May. University of Bristol, Institute of Education Publications. Univ. of London Press. 1963. 192. Australian price: Paper 14S., Boards 28sThe Design of Electric Circuits in the Behavioral Sciences.Tom N. Corn‐sweet. New York. Wiley. 1963. xi+329. Australian pric

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255521

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY