摘要:

This study investigated correlates of the degree to which participants favoured the products and achievements of their own nation. Three samples of undergraduate students in Adelaide, Australia compared their country with 30 other countries in regard to either economic development (Sample 1,N= 113), cultural achievement (Sample 2,N= 104), or scientific/technological achievement (Sample 3,N= 104). They also completed a general measure of ingroup bias (national favouritism) and measures of national identity, national identification, and personal and collective self‐esteem. Results showed that ratings across countries were correlated with economic, social, and cultural objective indicators. Favouring own nation over others in general was linked to national identity (Australia or other), national identification, and to cultural and scientific/technological advantage, but not to economic advantage. Results for the esteem‐related variables varied across the three samples, but there was some evidence that collective self‐esteem improved prediction to national favouritism beyond personal self‐esteem. Results were consistent with implications from social identity theory concerning ingroup favouritism, and with the assumption that comparisons at the national level are also influenced by objective information about

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259507

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence for expectancy‐based priming in the pronunciation task was provided in three experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, a high proportion of associatively related trials produced greater associative priming and superior retrieval of primes in a subsequent test of memory for primes, whereas high‐and low‐proportion groups showed comparable repetition benefits in perceptual identification of previously presented primes. In Experiment 2. the low‐proportion condition had few associatively related pairs but many identity pairs. In Experiment 3, identity priming was greater in a high‐than a low‐identity proportion group, with similar repetition benefits and prime retrieval responses for the two groups. These results indicate that when the prime‐target relationship is salient, subjects strategically vary their processing of the prime according to the nature of the prime‐targ

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259508

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a yes/no task in which distracters were closely matched to targets, three experiments examined the effect of encoding operations on recognition memory for upright and inverted faces. Correct recognition for targets (hits) was lower on inverted than on upright faces. However, the decline was smaller for feature than for trait judgments or for expression judgments (Experiment 1), for feature than for trait judgments (Experiment 2), and for feature than for global judgments (Experiment 3). These findings suggest that faces are primarily encoded in terms of isolated components with feature judgments, and in terms of configural information (spatial information among features) with trait, expression, and global judgments.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259509

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The big‐five personality factors were investigated using the trait pleasure‐arousability‐dominance (PAD) temperament model to assess overlap, and, specifically, similarities and differences, among the five dimensions. Results showed that extraverts were primarily dominant and secondarily pleasant, Agreeableness resembled dependency with pleasant, arousable, and submissive characteristics, but involved greater pleasantness. Conscientiousness included equal degrees of pleasant and dominant qualities. Emotional stability involved almost equal degrees of pleasant and unarousable characteristics, lacking the important dominant feature in this trait. Sophistication was weighted primarily by dominant, and secondarily by arousable, characteristics. The PAD scales explained approximately 75% of the reliable variance in three of the factors (extraversion emotional stability, agreeableness) that have been identified, albeit sometimes with differing labels, in alternative general approaches to personality description. PAD components of the big‐five factors helped explain the substantial overlap among the

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259510

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Do mildly depressed individuals make different judgments about personally relevant events than their normal peers? Previous studies have examined this issue in regard to predictions: the present study considers whether these predictions correspond to recall of past events. Dysphoric and normal subjects made predictions about positive and negative events in their personal and academic worlds, and indicated whether these same events had occurred in the previous four weeks. Subjects' reports a month later demonstrated that the normal group recalled, predicted, and subsequently reported more positive than negative events, whereas the dysphoric group recalled, predicted, and later reported an equivalent number of positive and negative events. The normal subject appear to believe that their life consists of more positive happenings than negative, whereas the dysphoric subjects perceive the future and the past as involving similar proportions of positive and negative events.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259511

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of primary school children aged 6, 8, and 10 years drew four simple cylindrical models which varied in their typical contours (i. e., the lines on the models' surfaces along which those surfaces undergo rapid change). It was found that although all three age groups were able to make foreshortened drawings, the manner in which drawings were affected by the stimulus characteristics differed. The results from both typical contours and shape constancy analyses suggest that younger children are less able to use perceptual information contained in the density gradients to judge objects' orientation.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259512

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objections which have been made to testing statistical null hypotheses as the means of analysing the results of psychological research are assembled. None of these criticisms is by itself new, and none is controversial. Together, however, these criticisms demand a fundamental change in the way we analyse the results of psychological research and the way in which we teach students to analyse data. In order to cumulate a reliable body of knowledge, psychologists should dispense with statistical hypothesis testing and instead use empirical replication as the test of reliability, and should report effect size measures together with an indication of their likely error.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259513

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology Eysenck, M.W. (Ed.).Writing in Psychology: A Student Guide Smyth, T.R. (1994)Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer Sutherland, M.(1993Prevention Practice in Substance Abuse Leukefeld, C.G.,&Clayton, R. R. (Eds.)Essential Psychopathology and its Treatment Maxrnen, J.S.,&Ward, N.G. (1995.Family Life: Adapting to Change, A Self‐Help Manual Kidman, A. (1995Womens Experience of Feminist Therapy and Counselling McLeod, E.The Stepfamily Puzzle: Intergenerational Influences Everett, C. (Ed.).People—Plant Relationships: Setting Research Priorities Flagler. J.,&Poincelot, R.P. (Eds.)Treatment Approaches with Suicidal Adolescents Zirnmerrnan, J.K.,&Ansis, G.MlEds.1.Visions of Infancy Bradley, B. S.The Five Stages of Culture Shock: Critical Incidents Around the World Pedersen

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259514

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049539608259505

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY