摘要:

The distinction between stimulus and response set in selective attention was investigated in a tachistoscopic recognition task in whichSs were asked to report one of two rows of items. The stimuli were a row of coloured squares and a row of shapes of the one colour (condition CS); a row of red and a row of black letters (condition CL) and a row of letters and a row of digits (condition LD). Exposure durations were 100, 250 and 500 msec. Accuracy of report increased with increasing exposure duration as expected. Differences between pre‐ and post‐exposure instructions were present in all conditions except the response set condition (LD) at the shortest exposure duration. Implications of these findings for the role of stimulus and response set in selective attention were discus

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255243

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The two scales of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were given on repeated occasions before and after changes in experimental treatments which produced success and failure on an anagram task. Factor analysis of the anxiety items showed clear evidence of A‐State factors aligned with changes in conditions as expected, while A‐Trait showed no such effect. This was interpreted as supporting the state‐trait distinction in anxiety research and as demonstrating the sensitivity of the A‐State scale to changes in anxiety produced by different experimental t

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255244

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new 20‐item scale was designed to measure managerial attitudes in terms of McGregor's Theories X and Y. Two separate studies yielded reliability coefficients of .73 and .71. An item analysis and a separate factor analysis supported use of thea prioriscoring key, one general factor and several specific factors being identified. Total scores were significantly correlated with scales of authoritarianism, dogmatism, leadership attitudes, economic values, and interest in fame and power. A second factor analysis of the REMQ items, including the most significant correlates, traced the source of the common variance to a few items. The concurrent validity of the REMQ was tested through the administration of a 25‐item peer‐rating form to the students' working colleagues. No evidence for concurrent validity was found as total REMQ scores were not significantly correlated with five orthogonal factors derived from the peer ra

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255245

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An arc with a vertical chord becomes less visible at brief exposures as its radius is decreased. Tilting the arc by 45° so that its chord is at an oblique orientation improves the visibility of an extremely curved line and lessens the visibility of a slightly curved line. To explain these results it is assumed that arcs are processed in the visual system by reference to orientation gradients rather than on the basis of global curvature. In these terms changes in the visibility of an arc with variation in radius and chord orientation represent special cases of the effect by which oblique straight lines are less visible than vertical straight lines

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255246

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Students in two Australian tertiary institutions completed Form E of the Rokeach Value Survey. Multidimensional scaling and clustering were applied to the two sets of data so obtained. For each data set, ranks for the full set of 36 values, the set of 18 terminal values alone, and the set of 18 instrumental values alone, were intercorrelated and the rank‐order correlations taken as measures of proximity between values. Dimensions resulting from the multidimensional scaling analyses were found to be fairly readily interpretable and to be comparable in part with the results of an earlier analysis by Rokeach using factor analysis and scaling. Correspondence between solutions obtained from the two data sets was quite high. The clustering analysis revealed no extensive “clumping” of values or tight subgrou

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255247

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes a computational model of the perception of dot patterns. Initially it is assumed that there is a set of points which is perceived as one cluster. The problem is to determine the boundary edges of the cluster on which the resulting perception of the shape is dependent. This is resolved into two stages. The first stage is to determine the set of points to which each point may be linked, and indicates the need for a global computation. The second stage is to label those links which may be considered as edges.The results of this procedure, and some apparent anomalies, are discussed in relationship to the dominant perception of the clusters.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255248

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experimental investigation was carried out in relation to the prediction of the strength of the Poggendorff illusion from Hoffman's (1971) use of Lie transformation groups in visual perception. By the use of the “orthogonality” principle results were predicted successfully. Finally some considerations were given to the predictions of the existence or not of illusions of angle, via the commutator, the product term within a Lie Alge

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255249

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Child in his Fomily: The lmpact of Diseuse and Death. E. James Anthony and Cyrille Koupermilk (Eds.). N.Y. Wiley. 1973. xxi + 509. $15.95.Development in Znfmcy. T. G. R. Bower. San Francisco. W. H. Freeman and Company. 1974. viii + 258. $10.00 cloth, $5.95 paper.Radical Psychology. Phil Brown (Ed.). London. Tavistock Publications.1973. xxii ‐t 548. $12.80.Erik H. Erikson: The Growth of His Work. Robert Coles. London. Souvenir Press (Educational&Academic). 1973. xxi i 440. $9.60.The Brain as a Computer. F. H. George. New York. Pergamon Press. 1973.Adolescence. Robert E. Grinder. N.Y. Wiley. 1973. xii + 551. $10.50.The Psychology of Visual Perception. R. N. Haber and M. Hershenson. N.Y. Holt, Rhinehart and Winston. 1973. xvii ‐I‐ 385. $12.95.Constraints on Learning. R. A. Hinde and J. Stevenson‐Hinde (Eds.). London. Academic Press. 1973. xi + 488.475. £6.50.Between Psychology and Education. D. E. Hunt and E. V. Sullivan. Hinsdale, Illinois. The Dryden Press. 1974. vii + 3 12. No price given.Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram. London. Tavistock Publications. 1974. xvi + 224. $5.95.A Guide to Psychologists and their Concepts. Vernon J. Nordby and Calvin S. Hall. San Francisco. W. H. Freeman and Company. 1974. x + 187. $8.00 cloth, $3.50 paper.Conservutisvn us Heresy: An Australian Reader. John J. Ray (Ed.). Sydney. Australian and New Zealand Book Company. 1974. xxix + 402. $6.95 paper.Schizophrenia: Behavioural Aspects. Kurt Salzinger. N.Y. Wiley. 1973. $7.25 cloth, $4.25 paper.Accident Proneness, Research in the Occurrence, Causation and Prevention of Road Accidents. L. Shaw and H. S. Sichel. Oxford. Pergamon Press. 1971. xiv + 476. $22.80.Focal Psychotherapy: An Example of Applied Psychoanalysis. Michael Balint, Paul H. Ornstein and Enid Batut. London. Tavistock Publications. 1972. vii + 166. $8.00.Crisis Intervention Volume 2: A Topical Series in Community‐Clinical Psychology. Gerald A. Spector and William L. Claiborn (Eds.). N.Y. Behavioral Publications. 1973. x+ 210. U, S.$9.95; $4.95 (soft cover).Clinical Child Psychology: Current Practices and Future Perspectives. Gertrude J. Williams and Sol Gordon (Eds.). N.Y. Behavioral Publications.1974. xiv + 545. U.S.$19.95.Language, Brain and Hearing. J. G. Wolff. London, Methuen. 1973. xiv + 237. $10.50.Conceptual Blockbusting: A guide to better ideas. James L. Adams. San Francisco. W.H. Freeman and Company. 1974. xii + 137. U.S.$5.95 cloth, U.S.$

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537508255250

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY