摘要:

Two experiments are described in which the effects of visual extraneous stimuli on speed of response to auditory signals were investigated. The findings based on 70 adult Ss were that an extraneous stimulus preceding a signal facilitates responsiveness to the signal and that strength of the effect is related to the interval separating the extraneous stimulus and signal. For intervals of less than 0·2 sec. the magnitude of the effect is also related to the intensity of the extraneous stimulus. The existence of such a facilitatory effect is taken as contradicting the established view of a psychological refractory period and an attempt is made to relate this finding to other studies

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255506

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that size judgments may be substituted for shape judgments. Observers matched the horizontal widths of two ellipses, one wider and one narrower than a circle, by setting markers on a horizontal rod, after seeing each ellipse for 0·5 or 1·0 second in a dark room. Widths were overestimated when the ellipses were in the fronto‐parallel plane; as the ellipses were slanted on their vertical axes the estimates became progressively narrower, the effect being greater for the wide ellipse. There was no difference between exposure ti

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255507

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is argued in an earlier paper (Campbell, 1963) that items where many potentially‐appropriate solutions initially present themselves are a matter for concern. Series items are a case in point. Various rules of construction may present themselves for a series item of any complexity. Alternatively, no potentially‐applicable rule may present itself at the outset andShas, somehow, to try and find the correct one. In either case success depends to a considerable extent on whetherShas come across the correct rule before and incorporated it into his “personal universe of rule forms.” Confronted by such items one might well wish for serendipity, for the serendipitious individual‐did such a one exist‐would always hit on the correct rule straight off and hence acquit himself exceedingly well. Such items are unfair, as measures of intelligence, for Ss who differ with respect to the relevant past experiences (i.e. virtually everybody). The present paper further explores this sort of bias or unfairness in intelligence test items and considers also its generality. Is it restricted to the series type of item, or does it extend to other item ty

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255508

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ten experimentalSs underwent a procedure whereby a subliminal 500 c.p.s. tone (CS) was paired with photic stimulation (UCS). The “arousal” reaction of the alpha rhythm of the EEG was used as evidence of a CR. A subliminal tone of 800 c.p.s. and a 6‐per‐sec. pulsed subliminal shock were used to test for discrimination. Ten matched controlSs underwent the same procedure as the experimentalSs except that the 500 c.p.s. tone was never paired with the photic stimulation. Since experimentalSs gave the CR to the 500 c.p.s. subliminal tone only and not to the two neutral stimuli and controlSs gave no evidence of a CR, it was concluded that discrimination between subliminal stimuli occurs. The results of the study imply that some selective mechanism operates at a neural level whereby significant stimuli are attended to and non‐significant stimul

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255509

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ansbacher found that a slot, cut as an arc in an opaque disc and lit from behind, appeared shorter when rotated at 1·3 r.p.s. than when rotated more slowly or when stationary. In the present study, 48 university students judged whether centrally‐fixated, straight lines appeared longer or shorter than rotating or stationary arcs seen peripherally, 20 degrees away from fixation. Arcs and comparison lines were painted white on black surrounds or black on white. Apart from using reflected light, viewing conditions were similar to Ansbacher's and an apparent contraction effect was obtained with light, rotating arcs. Reversing the luminance relations of arc and surround gave a reversed effect: dark arcs tended to appear longer when rotating than when stationa

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255510

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The performance of four year old and seven year old children was compared with the performance of adults asked to simulate the behaviour of children of these two age groups. The tasks used were a Word Association Test and the Clock Test (Reifi&Scheerer, 1959). It was found that four year old children differed from seven year old children in their performance on both tests and that adults were able to simulate successfully the performance of seven year olds but not that of four year olds.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255511

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some aspects of rank ordering and scaling with paired comparisons data are examined. In terms of the mathematical concept “relation” the characterizing features of a “simple ordering” are set out to make explicit those properties which must be exhibited by paired comparisons data if the objects compared are to be rank orderable. Rank ordering is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for scaling. Cases arise where ordered elements are not scalable by Thurstone's procedures. It is argued that the Law of Comparative Judgement is only one of a number of possible scaling models for paired comparisons data; and an alternative is proposed which relates scale distance to the relative incidence of “error” in comparativ

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255512

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Human Dimension in International RelationsOtto Klineberg. New York. Holt Rinehart and Winston. 1964. ix + 173. Paper $2.75Affect, Imagery, ConsciousnessS. S. Tomkins. Vol. I&II. New York. Springer. 1962 and 1963. xi + 522; and 580. English price £3.58. eachOrientation, Socialization and IndividuationPrynce Hopkins. London. Asia. 1963. 100. English price 278. 6dSigmund Freud: A New AppraisalMaryse Choisy. New York. Philosophical Library Inc. 1963. $4.75Contact with JungMichael Fordham (Ed.). London. Tavistock Publications. 1963. 245. English price 428Critical Essays on PsychoanalysisS. Rachman (Ed.). Oxford. Pergamon. 1963. xii + 284. English price £2. 55Hypnosis and Suggestion in PsychotherapyH. Bernheim. New York. University Books. 1964. xvi + 428. £10.00The Rorschach in PracticeTheodora Alcock. London. Tavistock Publications. 1963. xii + 252. English price 63sA Study of Children's ThinkingMargaret Donaldson. London. Tavistock Publications. 1963. vii + 263. English price 35sPsychology of Exceptional Children and YouthW. M. Cruickshank (Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Prentice‐Hall. Second Edition, 1963. xiii + 623. Australian price £4. 10sAn Experimental Curriculum for Young Mentally Retarded Children. FP. Connor and M. E. Talbot. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University. 1964. xi + 300. No price stated.Education for the Intellectually Limited Child and AdolescentM. D. Neale and W. J. Campbell. Sydney: Novak. 1963. xviii + 149. No price statedScientific Creativity: Its Recognition and Development. CW. Taylor and F. X. Barren (Eds.). New York. Wiley. 1963. xxiv + 419. Australian price £4Family PsychiatryJohn G. Howells. Edinburgh. Oliver and Boyd. 1963. xiii + 110. Australian price £1.11s. 6dMaternal Behavior in MammalsHarriet L. Rheingold (Ed.). New York. Wiley. 1963. viii + 349. $8.75Determinants of Infant Behaviour IIB. M. Foss (Ed.). London. Methuen. 1961. xii + 248. English price 45sClinical PsychologyJ. B. Rotter. 1964. xv + 112.LearningS. A. Mednick. 1964. x + 118The Psychological Development of the ChildP. H. Mussen. 1963. xv + 109.Social PsychologyW. W. Lambert and W. E. Lambert. 1964. viii + 120Englewood Cliffs. N.J. Prentice‐Hall.Foundations of Modern Psychology SeriesPaperbacks. $1.50 eachTransfer of LearningRobert F. Grose and Robert C. Birney (Eds.). 1963. vi + 194. $1.75Contemporary Research in LearningJohn R. Braun (Ed.). 1963. vi + 229‐$1.95Research in PsychopathologyHerbert C. Quay (Ed.). 1963. viii + 216. $1.95Primate Social BehaviorCharles C. Southwick (Ed.). 1963. viii + 191. $1.95Race, Science and HumanityAshley Montagu. 1963. vii + 183. $1.95Psychology in the WryRobert A. Baker (Ed.). 1963. xii+iyo. $1.75. Princeton. N.J. Van Nostrand Insight Books. All paperbacksPrinciples of a Reflex Therapy Approach to Cerebral PalsyEdward D. Mysak. New York. Teachers College, Columbia University. 1963. vii + 56. $1.75Psychopharmacological MethodsZ. Votara, M. Howarth, and O. Vinar (Eds.). Oxford. Pergamon. 1963. 360. English price £5.0s. 0dColor: A Guide to Basic Facts and ConceptsRobert W. Burnham, Randall M. Hanes and C. James Bartleson. New York. Wiley. 1963. xi + 249. Australian pric

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536408255513

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY