摘要:

AbstractAs a reaction to a looming waste crisis, a number of European countries have introduced recycling policies. This paper offers an examination of the recycling policies of Germany, France, Austria, the UK and the European Union. It suggests that they are all economically inefficient because of their use of arbitrary recycling or recovery targets which do not take account of the costs and benefits of recycling, but promote recycling on the assumption that recycling by definition is beneficial. However, the paper also suggests that some of these policies, such as those of France and Britain, are less inefficient in allowing some flexibility in how the recovery targets are reached, than for instance the very rigid German Packaging Ordinance, which prescribes recycling rates for individual material types allowing only reuse and material recycling. Finally, it is proposed that a recycling policy alone cannot solve the waste crisis, and that the focus on recycling may be diverting attention from real solutions to the problem at hand, such as the introduction of a price mechanism for waste disposal.

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320040302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320040303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrance, in common with other European countries, has revised its waste policy and tackled the problem of packaging waste by introducing measures which promote waste recovery and limit landfilling. However, Germany, with its ambitious waste packaging Ordinance, is having a negative impact on the waste collection industry in France as well as in other countries of the EU. It is hoped that the future EU Directive on packaging waste will remedy the confusion and imbalance that prevails at the moment in the EU waste collection industry. While EU action is clearly needed, so far the proposals have dissatisfied many Member States for being both environmentally and economically detrimental. However, a more sensible agreement has recently been reached by Environment Ministers and the new measure should deter countries with over ambitious recycling policies from ruining their neighbours' efforts and distorting competition.

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320040304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320040305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320040306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320040301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY