摘要:

AbstractIn late 1994, with 18 months experience of implementing “Towards Sustainability”, the European Commission sought to review its progress in making the transition to sustainable development. Progress, however, has been both slow and uncertain. Sharon Turner and John O'Shea examine the approach taken in the Commission's Interim Review and suggest that there has been an unwillingness to openly and critically address the causes and degree of lack of progress at Community le

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA solid planning approach is needed if effective and efficient environmental policies are to be developed. This policy planning process should be open and comprehensive and should be based on a good understanding of environmental impacts and the mobilization of high‐quality management skills. Building on Dutch experience, at least five conditions for progress in environmental policy planning have been identified in Flanders: (i) policy‐makers should agree on the type of planning needed; (ii) public support and political leadership should be present; (iii) investment in administrative capability and team‐building is needed; (iv) support from the scientific community should be guaranteed; and (v) the planning process should be supported by law. Meeting all five conditions in a balanced way is often very diff

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) water laws should not be viewed in isolation from wider influences. They both reflect and reinforce changing public attitudes towards environmental protection. It is argued here that until recently indifference to the water environment was pervasive. The development of European water directives since 1975 has signalled a change in attitudes. It is explained that initially, however, European legislation failed to exercise a significant influence on environmental conditions, a major cause of this being non‐compliance. This problem itself helped to politicize the issue, and the hand of those interests fighting for environmental improvement was ultimately strengthened. It is shown that in the context of EU obligations Member States have been forced to try to remedy earlier neglect and to reform their water industries. It is also argued that the environmental directives have helped to empower the green lobb

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe state of the environment and the need for sustainable development strategies in Central Europe are discussed, with particular attention paid to the part that trade liberalization can play in this process. The Central European countries need more than an environmental policy similar to that in the West; new tools backed by solid institutional reforms are essential to building towards sustainable development. This policy should be characterized by at least two aspects:iIt should be based on a wider coalition of internal and external actors andiiIt must reflect the historical processes taking place in the region, particularly democratization, restructuring, privatization and internationalization.Trade liberalization, however, has not come without consequences. Although Western countries reap the benefits of liberalized access to Central Europe, the Central Europe countries do not enjoy full entry to Western markets yet.

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY