摘要:

AbstractMeasures to reduce carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, to a large extent have been taken within the framework of energy policy. This paper discusses how the European Union (EU) faces a fundamental problem in addressing the climate change issue in that it has to date failed to establish a common energy policy. Hence the energy elements of the EU's carbon dioxide strategy, such as the SAVE programme, are weak. Under a general climate of subsidiarity, Member States are reluctant to cede sovereignty in this economic policy area, yet cannot necessarily be relied on to integrate environmental concerns into their own energy policies. Nevertheless, the climate change concern together with other issues, such as liberalization in the energy sector, are giving a new impetus to the development of an EU energy policy, as exemplified by the publication of the recent Commission Green Paper. However, despite these advances, the paper argues that the prospects for a ‘green’ and common energy policy in the EU still remain fa

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCase studies in waste management are reviewed to assess how successfully long‐term considerations have been included in the design and implementation of environmental policy in two European countries with corporatist decision‐making institutions, Finland and the Netherlands. Although corporatism, or the institutionalized integration of conflicting interests in social decision‐making, has been linked with good long‐term industrial and economic performance, this study indicates that the corporatist structure of environmental institutions prevents important conflicts of interest from entering the political conflict resolution agenda. The central recommendation of the study is the administrative and procedural separation of conflicting environmental policy interests and the backing of sustainable goals with appropriate institutions. This would promote an open political debate and settlement of long‐term environmental policy issues. The designers of common European environmental policy should be aware of environmental corporatism, because corporatist institutions within the European Union lack the transparency required to settle the multidimensional long‐term issues of a transnational

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCleveland County Council's participation in the eco‐management and audit scheme pilot programme, its adoption of EMAS as a framework for implementing corporate environmental policy and its experience in introducing the scheme into units within the authority are outlined. Cleveland was one of seven local authorities involved in the pilot project for EMAS in UK local government and the scheme has now been adopted as a framework for implementing the County's environmental strategy. Action is proceeding both at the corporate level and within individual departments and units. A corporate overview and coordination system is in place and corporate action is being taken to address the direct environmental effects of energy and purchasing. A case study is included of the introduction of EMAS into the Department of Environment, Development and Transportation's Environment Division. The application of the EMAS framework to identify and tackle environmental effects is discussed. It is concluded that adoption of EMAS will improve environmental efficiency in the authority and help to promote good environmental performance in other sectors of the communit

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThrough case study analysis of best practice in environmental management, the prerequisites for innovation in the research, development and diffusion of clean technology and in the application of environmental management systems is highlighted. The implications of the case studies are drawn out, not only for the strategies of the companies themselves, but also for the networks of trading partners, competitors, economic development agencies and regulators that surround them. It is suggested that front‐runners in environmental management are often involved in co‐forming future standards. On the basis of the case study findings, recommendations for policy at a number of levels are put forw

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-0405    

DOI:10.1002/eet.3320050401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY